INSPECTION & GAUGING SEMINAR

ON

NEW MODIFIERS UPDATED ACCORDING TO ASME Y14.5-2009

MODIFYING SYMBOLS
TRANSLATION FREE STATE INDEPENDENCY STATISTICAL TOLERANCE CONTINUOUS FEATURE
I
ST CF

DATUM TRANSLATION SYMBOL symbol indicates that a datum feature simulator is not fixed at its basic location & shall be free to translate

DATUM TRANSLATION SYMBOL

DATUM TRANSLATION SYMBOL

DATUM TRANSLATION SYMBOL

This allows the center plane of the datum feature simulator to translate while maintaining its orientation to higher precedence datums. The parallel planes of the datum feature simulator expand to make maximum contact with the datum feature.

FREE STATE SYMBOL

Free state variation is the distortion of a part after removal of forces applied during manufacture. Distortion is principally due to weight and flexibility of the part and the release of internal stresses resulting from fabrication. In some cases, it may he required that the part meet its tolerance requirements while in the free state. Necessary to simulate the mating part interface to verify individual or related feature tolerances. This is done by restraining the appropriate features. Restraining forces are those that would be exerted in the assembly or functioning of the part. If the dimensions and tolerances are met in the free state, it is usually not necessary to restrain the part.

Specifying Geometric Tolerances on features Subject to Free-State Variation

Where, individual form or location tolerance is applied to it feature in the free state, maximum allowable free-state variation with an appropriate feature control frame must be specified. The free-state symbol is placed within the feature control frame, following the tolerance and any modifiers.

Specifying Geometric Tolerances on Features to be restrained

When geometric tolerance are to be verified with the part in a restrained condition

select and identify the features (pilot diameter, bosses, flanges, etc.) to be used as datum features, as applicable. surfaces subjected to free-state variation must be specified with maximum forces necessary to restrain each of them. Determine amount of restraining or holding forces and other requirements necessary to simulate expected assembly conditions.

Independency symbol

Where perfect form at MMC is not required , the independency symbol is placed next to appropriate dimension or notation.

No variation in form is permitted if the regular feature of size is produced at its MMC limit of size unless a straightness or flatness tolerance is associated with the size dimension or the Independency symbol is applied

Statistical Tolerance

ST

Statistical tolerancing is a concept new to the dimensioning and tolerancing standard. It allows the use of tolerances on an assembly based on statistics. This method has the advantage of increasing individual feature tolerances for the reduction of part costs. This method may be employed when a manufacturing system is under statistical process control. It should not be used when a manufacturing facility or process is out of statistical control or when producing parts without appropriate repeatability and/or accuracy. The more restrictive tolerances derived by arithmetic stacking limits should be employed in these situations. A note may be added to a drawing such as "Features identified as statistically toleranced using the 'ST' symbol shall be produced with statistical process controls. Feature will be listed with two tolerances--one tighter tolerance for use in facilities out of statistical control and one a looser ST (Statistical tolerance) to be used by manufacturers under statistical control and using statistical methodology in their production procedures. If the tolerance is a statistical geometric tolerance, the symbol is used in the feature control frame after the geometric tolerance and any modifier it uses.

What can be statistically toleranced ? Any geometrical characteristic or condition Size Radius Distance Angle Form Location Orientation Run out including LMC and MMC

First appeared in ASME Y14.5 M - 1994

ST

ST
STATISTICAL TOLERANCING FRAME

EXAMPLE
0.01 A
ST

Cpu > 1.0 Ccu < 3.0

250.2 ST Cp > 1.5

Cpk > 1.0 Cc < 0.5

25+0.2

25+0.2

LSL

USL 25.2

24.8

25+0.2

LSL

25.0

USL 25.2

24.8

25+0.2

LSL

25.0

USL 25.2

Suppose 1000 components are manufactured, we cannot expect all products to fall on target.

24.8

25+0.2

Normal Distribution
LSL

25.0

USL 25.2

24.8

LSL 24.8

24.9

25.0 Spread of the process

25.1

USL 25.2

Process 6

Capability

LSL 24.8

24.9

25.0

25.1

USL 25.2

0.2
Spread of this process is 0.2

LSL 24.8

24.9

25.0

25.1

USL 25.2

0.3
Spread of this process is 0.3

24.9

25.1

Spread or the variation is Lower the better characteristic The index used for expressing , how better is the process is Cp

Process capability indices

Cp - Measure of spread of population about the
average

Cp =

U-L
6

U - Upper Specification Limit L - Lower Specification Limit

-Standard deviation

Cp = 1.33

Cp = 2

High Cp Low spread Low is better

25+0.2
It is not possible to set the Machine to produce all the components to the target.

LSL

25.0

USL 25.2

24.8

Target

LSL 24.8

24.9

25.0

25.1

USL 25.2

0.2

Target Achieved mean

LSL 24.8

24.9

25.0

25.1

USL 25.2

0.2

LSL

24.9

25.0

USL

Cp = 2

Target Achieved mean

LSL 24.8

24.9

25.0

25.1

USL 25.2

0.25

0.15

Cpk -Measure of both the location and spread of

population

Cpk= min (Cpl , Cpu)

Cpl = - L 3

Cpu = U - 3
-Population mean

Achieved mean

Target

LSL 24.8

24.9

25.0
0.05

25.1

USL 25.2

Cc -Measure of location of average of the

population from the target value

Cc= max (Ccl , Ccu)

Ccl = - -L

Ccu = - U-
-Target value

Cc = 0.25

0.01 A

ST

Cpu > 1.0 Ccu < 3.0

250.2 ST Cp > 1.5

Cpk > 1.0 Cc < 0.5

Continuous feature symbol

CF

The note "CONTINUOUS FEATURE" or continuous feature symbol is used to identify a group of two or more features of size where there is a requirement that they be treated geometrically as a single feature of size. When using the continuous feature symbol, extension lines between the features may be shown or omitted. Extension lines by themselves do not indicate a continuous feature.

Continuous feature symbol

CF

Continuous feature symbol

CF

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