Important Questions MBBS 1st Professional Exam (Part-1st) "Physiology" Draw the structure of cell membrane?

Enumerate its functions. What is saltatory conduction? What are its advantages? Which nerve fibers have max. velocity of conduction? What is end plate potential? How it is affected by Myasthenia Gravis? Give a brief account of types and functions of lymphocytes? Draw and label the normal ECG? What are PR and QT intervals and their significance? What is the significance of Renin angiotensin mechanism? Enumerate the causes and features of neurogenic shock? What is the diffusing capacity of respiratory membrane? Which factors affect exchange of gases through this membrane? Give a brief account of respiratory changes during exercise? What are functions of stomach? Enumerate the functions of endoplasmic reticulum? Name plasma proteins. Enumerate their functions? List stages of erthropieosis? Which cells secrete erthropiotein? Name stumuli for erthropiotein secretion? Define rheobase and chronaxie? Show these units in the strength duration curve? Draw and label neurovascular junction? How is end plate potential produced? What change occur in myasthenia gravis? What events occur during pharyngeal stage of swallowing? Name the nerve controlling this stage? What are volume changes in the ventricles during the cardiac cycle? Define ejection fraction? Write a note on 3rd heart sound? List two causes of murmurs? Draw and label spirogram> What is the significance of FEV1/FVC ratio? Give a brief account for baroreceptor reflex?

Define cardiac cycle? Draw and label the pressure changes in left ventricle during cardiac cycle? Draw and label action potential of ventricular muscle? Define cardiac out put? how venous return can affect it? Define shock? Enumerate the compensatory mechanism in case of hypovolumic shock? Define edema? What is the mechanism of formation of tissue fluid? Draw and label CO2 dissociation curve? what is haldane effect? Define ventilation profusion ratio? How it varies in different lobes of lung? What is the mechanism of respiratory adjustments during exercise? Write short notes on Hypoxic hypoxia & Chyene Stroke Breathing? Briefly describe the mechanism of resting membrane potential? Give an account for function of neutrophils? Give an account for structure and functions of hemoglobin? Name the factors affecting GFR? What is the mechanism of sodium reabsorption in renal tubule? Give an account of factors affecting gastric emptying? What are the functions of gall bladder? Define cardiac output and cardiac index? Name the conditions in cardiac out put increases? Define edema? Name its causes Give and account for resting membrane potential? What are isometric and isotonic muscle contractions? What is the role of platelets in hemostasis? What are the functions of mitochondria?

"Biochemistry" Define isotonic, hypertonic and hypertonic solutions? Enumerate body buffers? How do these help in buffering volatile acids? Give the chemistry of sucrose and lactose? What is lactose intolerance? Define and enumerate essential amino acids? How secondary structure of proteins is formed? Draw structure of cholesterol? Enlist its biochemical function? Enumerate Bile salts? What is their function? What is the structure of DNA? What are mutations? List various types? How are enzymes are classified? enlist the properties of enzymes? Draw various steps of heme synthesis? What is normal serum bilirubin level? Enumerate various types of jaundices? A strict vegetarian underwent recently gastronomy. thereafter he developed progressive generalized weakness and easy fatilgality. he was anemic and his blood film showed large immature RBC a) what dietary deficiency would u expect? b) What will be biochemical effects0of this deficiency? c) What is the possible treatment? d) Give sources of this biomolecule? Give Chemical composition and functions of Pancreatic Juice? What is achlorhydria? What are its consequences? Give dietary sources of iron? Enlist functions affecting absorption of iron from GIT? List symptoms and signs of iron deficiency?

Briefly describe the structure of cell membrane? Enumerate the causes of metabolic acidosis? Write the blood gases and electrolyte picture in uncompensated metabolic acidosis? Importance of cellulose in human diet? Secondary structure of proteins? Write down purine nucleotide salvage pathway? What is the cause of LESCH NYHAN syndrome? Enumerate essential fatty acids? Difference b/w cis and trans fatty acids? Draw structure of ganglioside? What is the diagnostic value of plasma enzyme level in a patient of severe chest pain radiating to left limb and neck? A 5 year old child has history of fever, anorexia and after a few days he developed yellow discoloration of sclera and mucous membranes. Antibodies to hepatitis A are positive. He passes dark colored urine later on itching developed. a) What is your provisional diagnosis? b) What is the cause of yellowish sclera? c) Why the Colour of urine turned black? d) What is the cause of itching? A middle aged woman of poor economic condition has seven children and reported gynae OPD for 8th pregnancy. Her blood picture revealed RBC 4million/cmm, Hb 9gm/dl and megaloblasts were reported by hematologist: a) what is the cause of low Hb and megaloblasts? b) Which dietary supplements you will advise to correct her condition? c) What is pathophysiology of development of megaloblasts?

A middle aged lady, wife of a labourer having 10 children reported with swaollowen spongy gums, mild anemia, and subcutaneous hemorrhages on presser areas of her body. a) What dietary deficiency would you expect? b) What is biochemical role of this nutrient? c) What food source you will advise her to ea to compensate deficiency? Name lipoproteins? List functions of cholesterol What is clinical significance of increased cholesterol in human body? Enumerate functions of Calcium, which vitamin is necessary for its absorption from GIT? Enumerate the functions of ribosome golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria? Name the plasma buffers. enlist the factors which make the buffers deficient? Give examples also? Enumerate heteropolysaccharides? What are their functions? write note on tertiary structure of protiens and functions of nucleotides? A new born infant died immediately after birth. post mortem revealed collapsed uninflated lungs a) What is the cause of death? b) which biochemical factor is deficient? c) How this factor prevents lungs to collapse? D) Draw the structure of this factor? Give steps of catabolism of heme and excretion of bilirubin? Describe the diagnostic significance of isoenzymes of lactic dehydrogenase and creatine kinase?

"Anatomy"
Describe ossification of bones? What are different types of ossification? Give examples? Name the different types of bones in axial and appendicular skeletons? Classify synovial joints? Give examples? Describe microscopic appearance of different types of cartilage. Give their examples. Draw and label the diagram of microscopic appearance of hairy skin. Mention its appendages. Describe placenta and enlist its functions. Draw and label transverse section of midbrain at the level of superior colliculus. What is the functional significance of superior colliculus? Describe the boundaries and contents of femoral triangle? Name the invertors and evertors of foot. Give their nerve supply. Define supination and pronation. What are the muscles and nerves involved. At which joint these movements take place? Describe the structural classification of bones with examples. What are the function of bones. What are the characteristics of a synovial joint? Name the synovial joints of upper limb? Name different components of cell. Briefly describe their functions/ What are the types of cartilage found in humans body? Draw and label the microscopic appearance of hyaline cartilage? Define following: Capacitation, Fertilization, Zonal Reaction What are the rotator cuff muscles? Describe their actions and nerve supply? Describe the boundaries and contents of cubital fossa? Name the glutei muscles? Give their actions and nerve supply? Describe the arches of foot. Name the factors which are responsible for maintenance of these arches. Describe briefly the coronary circulation?

Give a brief account of anatomical planes of the body? Briefly describe cartilaginous joints? Describe the cell cycle? Describe the striation and functions of cilia? Describe microscopic structure of adipose tissue and its functions? Describe microscopic structure of neutrophils and their functions? Describe microscopic structure of Cardiac muscle? Name the encapsulated nerve endings and briefly describe the pacinian corpuscles? Describe the microscopic structure of splenic pulp? Describe oogeneisis? Define cortical and zona reactions? What is their role in fertilization? Discuss implantation? Name abnormal sites of implantation? Describe the development of neural tube? Name the derivatives of ectoderm? What are important morphological feature of 5 weeks old embryo? What are various parts of decidua and what is their fate? Describe briefly placental circulation? Name common viral infections which may cause congenital malformation. Discuss role of rubella virus as teratogen? Define following terms : phenotype, karyotype, Alleles

Describe medial longitudinal bundle? Name the basal ganglia and describe caudate nucleus? What is striate cortex, give its connections? Define cisterns, give their names and describe cisterna pontis? Describe important features of olivary complex? Give an account of formation, course and termination of fornix? Name the arteries which supply superolateral surface of brain and describe anterior cerebral artery? Name the deep nuclei of cerebellum and describe dentate nucleus? Describe external feature of thalamus? Give an account for lymphatic drainage of lower limb? Give origin, insertion, actions and nerve supply of gluteus maximus muscle? Describe femoral canal and give its clinical importance? Describe the capsule of knee joint, name its ligaments, what are the openings in this capsule? Give an account of course and relations of tibial nerve, name its terminal branches? Describe deltoid ligament of ankle joint? What is its role in strengthing of this joint? Give an account for anastomsis around knee joint? Give an account for origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of 1st layer of muscles of sole? Describe extensor retinacula? Name the movements of foot? Give a brief account of joints at which inversion and eversion take place?