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The Microprocessor
The microprocessor is the controlling element in a computer system and is sometimes referred to as the CPU (Central Processing Unit) Memory and I/O are controlled through instructions that are stored in the memory and executed by the microprocessor The microprocessor performs three main tasks for the computer system:
Buses
The microprocessor controls memory and I/O through a series of connections called buses A bus is a common group of wires that interconnect components in a computer system Buses select an I/O or memory device, transfer data between an I/O device or memory and the microprocessor, and control the I/O and memory system
Buses
Three buses exist for the transfer of information: address, data, control (Fig 1.8) The address bus requests a memory location from the memory or an I/O location from the I/O devices Table 1.5 depicts a complete listing of bus and memory sizes on the Intel family of p Figure 1.9 shows the memory width and sizes of 8086-80486 and Pentium p
Buses
The memory sizes and organizations differ between various member of the Intel p familiy The control bus contains lines that select the memory or I/O and cause them to perform a read or write operation. Four control bus connections: MRDC, MWTC, IORC, IOWC
Buses
The micro-instructions for READ:
the p reads the contain of memory location by sending the memory an address through address bus the p sends the memory read control signal (MRDC) to cause memory to read data the data read from the memory are passed to the microprocessor through the data bus