CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

Constituent assembly consisted of 389 members. 292

elected from provinces, 93 nominated by princely states and 4 nominated by Chief commissioners provinces. Dr. Sachidanand Sinha was the 1st President of Constituent assembly. Assembly appointed 22 committees, Most important being Drafting Committee Drafting Committee had 7 members. Bhim Rao Ambedkar Chairman.

 Constitution was adopted by the assembly on

26Nov.1949 But it came in force on 26January 1950 Constituent assembly met for 166 days over period of 2years 11months 18days. Gandhi & Jinnah were not the members of constituent assembly. Later on constituent assembly became provisional parliament. Then president of assembly Rajendra Prasad became 1st President of India.

Borrowed from Others

Fundamental Rights & Supreme court- USA Directive principles of state policy Ireland Division of power of legislation between central and

state government(provision of union state and Concurrent list) Australia Residual Power with centre- Canada Parliamentary democracy- British Suspension of fundamental rights during EmergencyGerman Constitution. Fundamental Duties- USSR

Layout

Important Things and their location in Constitution

Citizenship- part II (art 5-11)
Fundamental Rights Part III (art 12-35) Directive Principles of state policy- Part IV (art 36-51)

Fundamental Duties- Part IV A-(art 51A) 42nd

amendment 1976 Union Government, Supreme court- Part V (art 52-151) State Government- Part VI- (art 152-237)

 Union territories- Part VII- (art 239-242) Panchayat- Part IX- (art 243-243 O)

Municipalities- Part IX A- (art 243 P- 243 ZG)

Elections- Part XV- (art 324-329) Special provisions relating to certain classes like

SCs, STs OBCs, Anglo-Indians Part XVI(art330-342) Official Language- Part XVII- (art 343-351) Emergency- Part XVIII- (art 352-360)

Important Articles

Equality before law- art 14 Prohibition of Child Labour- art 24 Organisation of Village Panchayats- art 40 Free and compulsory education- art 45 Protection of monuments/places of national importance- article 49 Separation of judiciary from executive-art 50 Power of president to grant pardon- art 72 Qualification of MP- art 84 Annual financial statement Budget- art 112

 Comptroller & Auditor General of India art148 Power of parliament to legislate regarding

states in national interest- art 249 Executive Power of Centre supersedes that of state- art 257 Interstate council- art 263 Finance Commission- art 280 Union and state Public service commission- art 315 Election Commission- art 324 National Commission for SC/ST- art 338

 Official language of India- art 343

Proclamation of National Emergency- art 352 Presidents Rule for states( failure of constitutional

Machinery)- art 356 Financial Emergency- art 360 Power of parliament to amend Constitution and procedure- art 368 Temporary provisions for Jammu & Kashmir- art 370

Important Schedules
Allocation of seats in Rajya shabha to states and UTs

4th Schedule Union List, State List and Concurrent List - 7th Schedule Languages recognized by Constitution originally 14 now 22 8th Schedule Panchayat- 11th Schedule (73rd amendment) Municipalities- 12th Schedule (74th amendment)

Important Amendments
7th amend(1956)- reorganization of states on Linguistic

basis 39th amend (1975)- Election of President, Vice president, PM, Speaker of Lok shabha cannot be reviewed by judiciary 42nd amend(1976): Words Socialist, Secular and Integrity incorporated in the preamble. Incorporated Fundamental Duties of Citizens. 61st amend(1985): reduced voting age from 21 to 18. 73rd amend(1992): constitutional status to Panchayati raj

 74th amend(1993): Constitutional status to

Municipalities 80th amend(2000): Increase of share of states in revenue to 26% as per recommendation of 10th Finance Commission. 86th amend(2002): Free and Compulsory education for Children between age 6-14yrs 88th amend(2004): Taxes on services 89th amend(2004): creation of National Commission for SCs and STs 93rd amend(2005): Power to make law for reservation in Educational institute.