TENSION MEMBERS

DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

Introduction

Behaviour of Tension Members
Plates Under Tension
Threaded Rods
Angles Under Tension

Code Provisions

Summary
Tension Members in Buildings
suspenders
(b) Suspended Building
tie
(a) Roof Truss
rafter
(c) Roof Purlin System
purlin
Sag rod
Top chord
(d) Braced frame
INTRODUCTION
Characteristics
Members Experience
Axial force
Stretching
Uniform stress over the cross section

Very Efficient Member
Strength governed by the material strength
Bolt holes affect the strength
INTRODUCTION
Built up sections
Angle Double Angle
Channel
Rod
Cable

Cross Sections Used for Tension Members
BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION
Material Properties
Mild Steel
High Strength Steel
T
o
a
b
c
d
e
f
y

0.2%
Yield Plateau
BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION
Plates with a Hole
(a) Elastic
(b) Elasto-Plastic
(c) Ultimate
o
u

o
y
BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION
Plates with Holes (Cl 6.3)
(b)
(a)
(c)
P = pitch
g = gauge
1
1
4 p
g
2
3
b
d
Case a: Net Area: = t (b - 2*d)
Case b: Net Area: = t (b d)
Case c: t (b - 2*d)<Area< t (b d)

BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION
Plates with Holes








A
n
= [ b n d + E(p
2
/ 4 g)]t
BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION
ANGLES Eccentrically Loaded Through Gussets
Gusset plate
Revised IS 800:2007
SECTION 6 DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS
6.1 Tension Members
6.2 Design Strength due to Yielding of Gross Section
6.3 Design Strength due to Rupture of Critical Section
6.3.1 Plates
6.3.2 Threaded Rods
6.3.3 Single Angles
6.3.4 Other Sections
6.4 Design Strength due to Block Shear
6.4.1 Plates
6.4.2 Angles
6.1 Tension Members
The factored design tension T, in the members T < T
d

6.2 Design Strength due to Yielding of Gross Section
The design strength of members under axial tension T
dg
, T
dg
= f
y
A
g
/
m0

mo
= 1.1
6.3 Design Strength due to Rupture of Critical Section
6.3.1 Plates The design strength in tension of a plate, T
dn
,
T
dn
=0.9 f
u
A
n
/
m1

m1
= 1.25

A
n
= Cont
t
g
p
nd b
i
i
i
h
(
(

+

4
2
Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS
6.3.2 Threaded Rods
The design strength of threaded rods in tension, T
dn
,
T
dn
=0.9 f
u
A
n
/
m1
Ultimate elastic
elastic -
Plastic
d
root
d
gross

f < f
y
f
y
f
u
Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS
6.3.3 Single Angles The design strength, T
dn,
as governed
by tearing
T
dn
=0.9

f
u
A
nc
/
m1
+| A
go
f
y
/
m0
| = 1.4 0.076 (w/t) (f
u
/f
y
) (b
s
/L ) [ 1.4-0.52(b
s
/L)]
Alternatively, the tearing strength of net section may be
taken as
T
dn
= o A
n
f
u
/
m

Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS
Fig. 6.2 Angles with end connections
b
s
=w

w
w
w
1
b
s
=w+w
1

Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS
6.4 Design Strength due to Block Shear
6.4.1 Plates The block shear strength, T
db
, of connection shall be taken as the
smaller of
T
db
= ( A
vg
f
y
/(\3
m0
) +f
u
A
tn
/
m1
)
or
T
db
= ( f
u
A
vn
/(\3
m1
) + f
y
A
tg
/
m0
)
Fig 6.2 Block Shear Failure of Plates
1
2
4
3
1 2
3
Fig 6.3 Block Shear Failure of Angles
4
Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS
DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS
Efficiency
q = P
t
/(A
g
* f
y
/
M0
)
Design Steps
A
n
= P
t
/ (f
u
/
M1
)
A
g
= P
t
/ (f
y
/
M0
)
Choose a trial section
Analyse for its strength
DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS
Stiffness Requirements
Designed for compression under
stress reversal /r < 250

Not designed for compression under
stress reversal /r < 350

Members under tension only /r < 400

DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS
Summary

Efficient load carrying members

Efficiency may reduce due to
bolt holes
shear lag
block shear