Basics of Textile Manufacturing

MINOR CELLULOSIC FIBRES

 Minor Cellulosic Fibres
• These fibres are those which are rarely used in
Apparel use.
• They are produced in less quantity.
• The Minor Cellulosic Fibres are:
4) Hemp 6) Coir
5) Manila Hemp
6) Ramie
7) Sisal
8) Kapok
 HEMP FIBRE
• Hemp is a vegetable
fibre.
• It is obtained from the
Hemp plant.
• It is cultivated almost
all over the world,
except for the United
States.
 Properties of Hemp Fibre
• It is a yellowish brown
fibre
• Hemp fibers can be 3
to 15 feet long,
running the length of
the plant.
• Depending on the
processing used to
remove the fiber from
the stem, the hemp
naturally may be Harvesting of Hemp
creamy white, brown,
gray, black or green
Appearance -Hemp
 Uses of Hemp Fibre

Hemp fabric
Hemp Necklace

Hemp toe sandal

 MANILLA
• Manilla, also known
as Manila Hemp, is a
fibre obtained from the
leaves of the abaca
plant.
• Mainly cultivated in
Manila, the capital of
Philippines.
The abaca
plant
 Properties of Manilla Fibre
• The abaca plant grows
up to 20 feet when
mature.
• The stem consists of
tightly packed, long, Mature abaca plant
crescent-shaped
sheaths, that grow
from a central core.

Manilla Hemp Yarn

 Characteristics of Manilla fibre
 Extremely strong.
 Resistant to salt water.
 Bio-degradable.
 Eco-friendly.
 Has a beautiful
texture.
 Relatively cheap to
produce.
Manilla
Rope
 Uses of Manilla Fibre
• Manilla fibre is used
to make
 Ropes
 Paper
Manilla
 Rug Rope
 Furniture
 Carpet and countless
other products.

Manilla Bag
 RAMIE
• Ramie is one of the oldest
fibre crops, having been
used for at least six
thousand years.
• It is also known as china
grass.
• Ramie is normally
harvested two to three
times a year but under
good growing conditions,
can be harvested up to six
times per year. Ramie Plant
• The ramie plant is 2.5m
tall.
 Properties of Ramie
• Ramie fibre is one of the
strongest natural fibres.
• The fibre is similar to flax
in absorbency, density and
microscopic appearance.
• Silky lustre to the fabric
appearance.
• Usually blended with
other fibres, as it is not
that durable.
Ramie Yarn
 Characteristics of Ramie
• Ramie fibre has the
ability to hold shape.
• Resistance to
wrinkling.
• It is stiff and brittle.
• Lacks resiliency.
• Low elasticity

Ramie Fabric
 Uses of Ramie
• Ramie is used to make
 Industrial sewing
thread
 Packing materials
Ramie Packing
 Fishing nets
 Filter cloths

Ramie Hat
 SISAL
• Sisal is obtained from
the leaves of the Sisal
Plant.
• Annually, thousands
of tonnes of Sisal
fibres are produced in
most parts of Africa
and Asia.

Sisal
Plant
 Properties of Sisal Fibre
• Sisal fibres are
smooth, straight and
yellow and can be
long or short.
• Since it is coarse and
inflexible, it is mainly
blended with wool or
acrylic to give a softer
hand. Harvested Sisal
 Characteristics of Sisal Fibre
• Sisal fibre is
 Strong
 Durable
 Ability to stretch
 Affinity towards
certain dyestuff
 Resistance to
deterioration in salt
Sisal Fibre
water
 Uses of Sisal Fibre
• Sisal fibres are used to
make
 Rugs
 Slippers Sisal Bag Sisal Scrub
 Ropes
 Carpets
 Specialty papers

Sisal Rug
 KAPOK
• Kapok fiber is a silky
cotton-like substance
that surrounds the
seeds in the pods of the
ceiba tree.
• The pods contain
seeds surrounded by a
fluffy, yellowish fiber
that is a mix of lignin
and cellulose.
Kapok pod
 Properties of Kapok Fibre
• It can support as much
as 30 times its own
weight in water and
loses only 10 percent of
buoyancy over a 30-
day period.
• It is eight times lighter
than cotton.
• The fibre is yellowish.
Kapok Pod (open)
 Characteristics of Kapok Fibre
• The Kapok fibre is
 Light
 Very buoyant
 Highly flammable
 Resistant to water

Kapok Seed
Appearance-kapok
Kapok yarn spool
 Uses of Kapok Fibre
• Kapok is mainly used
in stuffing of
 Pillows
 Blankets
 Soft toys
 Upholstery
 and for Insulation

Kapok used for Filling

 Uses of Kapok Fibre

Pillow

Upholstery Blanket

Soft Toy
 COIR
• Fibre mechanically extracted
from dry mature coconut
husk after soaking.
• It is long, hard and strong
fibre but with lower softness,
lower water absorption
capacity, and shorter life
than long retted fibre.
• There are two types of Coirs
4) Brown Coir
5) White Coir Coconut tree, Coconut and
Husk
 Properties of Coir Fibre
• The individual fiber cells
are narrow and hollow,
with thick walls made of
cellulose.
• They are pale when
immature but later become
hardened and yellowed as
a layer of lignin is
deposited on their walls.

Coir
 Characteristics of Coir Fibre
• Coir Fibre is
 Relatively water proof
 Resistant to damage
by salt water
 Brown Coir is thick
and strong
 White Coir is Segregation of Coir Fibre
smoother and fine.
Appearance –coir
 Uses of Coir Fibre
• Coir Fibre is used for
 Padding in furniture
• Production of
 Brushes
Coir Carpet
 Carpets
 Ropes
 Rags

Coir Rope
THANK YOU