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Ancient Greece
What is the origin of the peoples who called themselves Hellenes? The language they spoke belongs to the IndoEuropean family (which includes Germanic, Celtic, Italic, and Sanskrit language groups) The Greeks of historic times were a blend of the native tribes and the Indo-European invaders, en route from the European landmass.
Ancient Greece
Crete
citadel of Mycenae
Palace of Pylos
Odyssey
Olympian Gods
What are the differences between the Greek and Hebrew conceptions of the universe?
Greek vs Hebrew
The difference between the Greek and the Hebrew hero (Achilles and Joseph) is remarkable The difference between the God of Abraham and of Isaac and the Olympians who interfere in the lives of the mortals is an unbridgeable chasm The two conceptions of the powers that govern the universe are irreconcilable; The Greek conception of the nature of gods is so alien to us that it is difficult for the modern reader to take it seriously The Hebrew basis of European religious thought has made it almost impossible for us to imagine a god who can be feared and laughed at, and still sincerely worshipped
Zeus
Greek Gods
5th c B.C. these two cities led the combined Greek resistance to the Persian invasion of Europe The defeat of the solid Persian power by the divided Greek cities surprised the world Athens was the first democracy in Western history a direct, not a representative democracy Athenss power lay in its fleet with which she had played her decisive part in the struggle against Persia Sparta, on the other hand, was rigidly conservative in government and policy The individual citizen was trained by the state The Spartans controlled the city-states of the Peloponnese These two cities, allies for the war of liberation against Persia, became enemies when the danger was eliminated 431 -404 B.C. Peloponnesian War ended with the total defeat of Athens
Athens signifcance
Athenian democracy provided its citizens with a cultural and political environment that was without precedent in the ancient world- maximum development of the individuals capacities and at the same time maximum devotion to the interests of the community However, there were limits on who could participate in the democracy: The individual Athenian was the adult male citizen Women could not own property, hold office, or vote metics or resident aliens settled from other cities for business reasons
Socrates, unlike the Sophists, did not lecture nor did he charge a fee; his method was dialectic, a search for truth through questions and answers His dedication to his mission kept him poor He did believe in absolute standards The resentment against him is partly explained by the questioning of old standards in order to establish new prophet of the new age The Athenians sentenced him to death on charge of impiety in 399 B.C.
Why did Athenians feel more and more exasperation with Socratess voice?
Socrates
Sophocles Oedipus