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Gyroscope
Overview
Introduction. Precessional angular motion. Gyroscopic couple. Effect of gyroscopic couple on airplane. Terms used in Naval ships. Effect of gyroscopic couple during steering, pitching and rolling. Stability of a four wheel drive moving in a curved path.
Introduction
Introduction
Gyroscope : A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principles of conservation of angular momentum. Assembly of Gyroscope : A gyroscope has a spinning wheel or disk(rotor) fixed on an axle, which is free to take any orientation. Over the disc, gimbals may or may not be assembled.
Introduction
Assembly of Gyroscope :
Introduction
Gyroscope : A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principles of conservation of angular momentum. Assembly of Gyroscope : A gyroscope has a spinning wheel or disk(rotor) fixed on an axle, which is free to take any orientation. Over the disc, gimbals may or may not be assembled.
Introduction
Gyroscope : A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principles of conservation of angular momentum. Assembly of Gyroscope : A gyroscope has a spinning wheel or disk(rotor) fixed on an axle, which is free to take any orientation. Over the disc, gimbals may or may not be assembled.
Spin axis : The axis about which the gyro rotates. Precession axis : The axis about which the perpendicular twisting or tilting force apply. The angular motion of the axis of spin about the axis of precession is known as Precessional angular motion
Gyroscopic Action
A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principles of conservation of angular momentum.
Gyroscopic Couple
Gyroscopic Couple
A device consisting of a spinning mass, typically a disk or wheel, mounted on a base so that its axis can turn freely in one or more directions and thereby maintain its orientation regardless of any movement of the base.
The turning moment which opposes any change of the inclination of the axis of rotation of a gyroscope.
Explanation :
Axis & Plane of Spinning Axis & Plane of Precession Active gyroscopic couple. (Axis and Plane) Reactive gyroscopic couple. (Axis and Plane).
Gyroscopic Couple
Consider a disc spinning with an angular velocity rad/s about the axis of spin OX, in anticlockwise direction when seen from the front; Change in angular momentum;
When the propeller rotates in anti-clockwise direction & : The airplane takes a right turn, the gyroscope will raise the nose and dip the tail. The airplane takes a left turn, the gyroscope will dip the nose and raise the tail.
Explanation :
Let = m = k = I = Angular velocity of the engine in rad/s, Mass of the engine and the propeller in kg, Its radius of gyration in metres, Mass moment of inertia of the engine and the propeller in kg-m= m.k, v = Linear velocity of the airplane in m/s, R = Radius of curvature in metres, and P = Angular velocity of precession =v/R rad/s Gyroscopic couple acting on the airplane, C = I..P
When the rotor of the ship rotates in the clockwise direction when viewed from the stern, it will have its angular Momentum vector in the direction ox as shown in Fig. (a)
When the ship steers to the right under Similar conditions as discussed above, the effect of the reactive gyroscopic couple, as shown in Fig. (b), will be to raise the stern and lower the bow.
In case of rolling of a ship, the axis of precession (i.e. longitudinal axis) is always parallel to the axis of spin for all positions. Hence, there is no effect of the gyroscopic couple acting on the body of a ship.
Let, m = mas of the vehicle in kg W = wieght of the vehicle in N = mg R = radius of curvature in meters (R > rw) h = distance of C.O.G vertically above the road surface in meters x = width of track in meters Iw = mass of moment of inertia of one wheel in kgm2 w = angular velocity of the wheels or velocity of the spin in rad/s IE = mass moment of inertia of the rotating parts of the engine in kgm^2 E = angular velocity of the rotating parts of the engine in rad/s G = Gear ratio = E / w v = linear velocity of the vehicle in m/s = w . rw rw = radius of the wheel in meters
For effect of the gyroscopic couple, C = W.P (4 IW G.IE) For effect of the centrifugal couple, and
Applications
Gravity Defiance. Air & Land Vehicles. Ships, Hovercrafts etc. Inertial Compass. Used in toys like Boomerang, Tops, YO-YO etc. Camera stabilizer while capturing disturbed by wave action. Vastly used in UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) commonly named as DRONES.
Gyroscope
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