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\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
=
n n n n
n s n s
x x
t
2 1 2 1
2
2
2 1
2
1
2 1
1 1
2
1 1
Whereby:
n: Sample size s
2
= variance
:Sample mean subscript
1
= sample 1 or group 1
subscript
2
= sample 2 or group 2
x
df
variance
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Step 4: Compare test statistic to
criterion
df = 18 = .05 , two-tailed test in this example
critical values are 2.101 in this example
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Step 5: Make Decision
Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no statistically
significant difference between the two groups on the dependent variable,
t = , p > .
OR
Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a statistically
significant difference between the two groups on the dependent variable,
t = , p < .
If directional, indicate which group is higher or lower (greater, or less
than, etc.).
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Interpreting Output Table:
Retrieved on July 12, 2007 from SPSSShortManual.html
t-value Degrees of
freedom
p - value
Levenes tests the assumption of equal
variances if p < .05, then variances
are not equal and use a different test
to modify this:
Here, we have met
the assumption so
use first row.
Observed difference
between the groups
Mean APGAR
SCORE
CI
Sample size
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Interpreting APA table:
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Variable Math anxiety t
Gender
Male 3.66
Female 3.98 3.35***
Age
Under 40 years 3.32
Over 41 years 3.64 2.67**
Note. **p < .01. ***p < .001.
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Examples and Practice
See attached document.
Create the following index cards from this
lecture:
When to conduct a t-test (purpose, conditions,
and assumptions)
t-test statistic formula for computation
t-test statistic formula
df formula