ELECTRICITY

CONTENTS
1. 2. 3. 4. DEFINITION OF ELECTRICITY STATIC ELECTRICITY WAYS TO INDUCE CHARGE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

DDEFINITION OF ELECRICITY OF ELECTRICITY

Electricity is generated from the motion of tiny charged atomic particles called electrons and protons! Protons + Electrons -

How do we get Electricity?

Energy from one of the sources is converted by machines at the power plant to Electricity and then put onto the Electric Power Grid Electric Power Grid
Power Plants Transmission Lines Substations Power Lines Transformers Electrical Wiring and Circuit Box

Life without Electricity---!!!

How would you prepare your lunch? How would you wash clothes? When would you go to bed?

Think about all the luxuries the discovery of Electricity has brought us!
No Television No Radio No Lights

More Inventors and Inventions

1927 Television
Philo T. Farnsworth

1973 Internet
Vinton Cerf

1945 Computer
Mauchley and Presper

1991 - WWW
Tim Berners-Lee

1954 Microwave Percy Spencer

1955 TV Remote Eugene Polley

STATIC ELECTRICITY
A stationary electric charge, typically produced by friction that causes sparks or crackling or the attraction of dust or hair.

PROPERTIES OF ELECTRIC CHARGE

Atomic Structure: Composed of three Atomic Structure: Composed of three main particles: 1. Proton 2. Neutron 3. Electron

Where do charges come from?

+ + + +

Proton (positive charge) neutron (neutral)

atom

nucleus

electron (negative charge)

 Rubbing materials does NOT create electric charges. It just transfers electrons from one material to the other.

When a balloon rubs a piece of wool...

+ + + + +

electrons are pulled from the wool to the balloon.

The balloon has more electrons than usual.

wool

The balloon: charged, The wool: +charged

Examples for static electricity

Examples for static electricity

+ +

- + - + -

Examples for static electricity

- +

+ +

+ +

Examples for static electricity

+ + -

+ +

LIGHTNING

What causes lightning?

Lightning is actually just static electricity on a much larger scale. The rubbing is caused by air moving around In thunderclouds bottom is usually negative and top is positive.

All these things happen because of Static Electricity

Electric Current
The constant flow of electrons.

Conductors : Gold, Silver, Copper, Iron, Lead, Salt Water. Insulators : Plastics, Glass, Dry Air, Wood.

Voltage
For electrons to flow there must be a potential difference between to places. This is called voltage, which is the Push that causes electrons to flow. Its electrical Pressure. Charges flow from high voltage to low voltage. Measured in Volts (V).

Current
The measure of how many electrons per second are flowing through the wire is the amperage (A).

Resistance
The tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons. Different material have different amounts of resistance to the flow of electrons. The unit of resistance is ohm.

 At a constant temperature , the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends I= V R

Electric Circuits

A pathway for electrons to flow.

Series Circuit
The current has only one path to follow.

Parallel Circuits
Two or more branches for the current to flow.

How a Light bulb Works

ELECTRICAL HAZARD
Hazard means: Any potential or actual threat to the wellbeing of people, machinery or environment Electrical hazard safety : Taking precautions to identify and control electrical hazards

Faith is like electricity. You can't see it, but you can see the light.