DWDM

Tech: Abhipraya
Presented By: Bhupesh Batra Namit Kumar DA-IICT, Gandhinagar

Need for DWDM: Broadband

Definition:

Broadband generally refers to the higher capacity bandwidth that the digital services being offered today and in the future require.

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

Why Broadband?
Internet expanding at enormous speed
Increasing need for bandwidth People want new features Many business depends on internet Web pages now provides even audio or

video and thus demand more bandwidth.

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

What is the solution?

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

The traditional definition of broadband had been ATM on a Synchronous Digital Hierarchy.
View of Broadband networking had been ATM,

but the rise of TCP/IP has challenged this vision. ATM not optimized for any application like voice, data or video. (5+48 byte cell structure was a compromise)

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

SDH and SONET

Standards for the digital transmission of high

bandwidth traffic. SONET North America, SDH rest of the world. SDH provides transport networks that physically connects points within the network. Advantages: - wide range of signals, including PDH signals, frame relay, FDDI, TCP/IP, ATM cells and any foreseeable future data streams - can operate at max rate of 10 Gbps compared to 625 Mbps of ATM.
8/1/2013 DA-IICT Gandhinagar 6

But still This all is not enough for todays need !

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

Challenge
Provide very high bandwidth capacity for

fulfilling ever-growing appetite of 21st century corporations, govt., organizations, communities etc.

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

Promise
The up-and-coming technology ear-marked

to deliver this bandwidth is: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing or DWDM

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

Dense Wave Division Multiplexing

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

10

DWDM: Introduction
A Technology that puts data from different sources together on an optical fiber, with each signal carried on its own separate light wavelength.
Transmit data bit-by-character or parallel-by-bit Different data formats being transmitted at

different data rates can be transmitted together.

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

11

DWDM: Components
The Erbium doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), Multiplexer and the Demultiplexer form the vital blocks of the system.

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

12

DWDM: Components
PHOTONIC LAYER Transmits optical data through the network. Two variables: Channel Spacing Signal Direction Two Layers: Transport Layer Service Layer
8/1/2013 DA-IICT Gandhinagar 13

DWDM: Components
Optical Amplifiers
Wavelength Converters Wavelength Add/Drop Multiplexers

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

14

DWDM: Advantages
Each channel has a max bandwidth of 2.5 Gbps and there are 160 channels in one optical fiber!
Combines multiple signals that can be amplified

as a group to increase capacity. Amplification is done by optical amplifiers which involve no electronics thus making DWDM technology very fast and also very expensive! DWDM can be deployed uni or bi-directional.
8/1/2013 DA-IICT Gandhinagar 15

DWDM: Advantages
Re-configurable does not require completely new infrastructure to increase bandwidth from 2.5 Gbps to 3.2 Tbps. Allows providers to offer IP data over ATM and voice carried over SONET/SDH.
Despite the fact that these formats IP, ATM,

SONET/SDH provide controllable bandwidth management capabilities, they can all be integrated into the optical fiber with DWDM
8/1/2013 DA-IICT Gandhinagar 16

DWDM: Advantages
DWDM manages bandwidthnot just

capacity.

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

17

SONET over DWDM

SONET is synchronous; this characteristic allows the adding and/or dropping signals with single multiplexing process

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

18

Protocol Stack for Open IP/DWDM

IP

IP

ATM
DWDM Layer

Virtual Fiber (OSI transport layer)

8/1/2013 DA-IICT Gandhinagar 19

Comparison
TDM uses single lane and increases

capacity by moving faster on it WHILE DWDM access the unused lanes on the same traffic to gain incredible amount of untapped capacity in the fiber. An additional benefit is that the highway is blind to the type of the traffic.
8/1/2013 DA-IICT Gandhinagar 20

Comparison-WDM/DWDM
The principle of WDM is shown in figure 1 below.

Two channels are transmitted in the same fibre, one in each window, hence doubling the capacity of the fibre.

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

21

Comparison WDM/DWDM
But still we see that the capacity of the fibre is multiplied by

utilising the principle of DWDM, where many closely spaced channels within the third window are transmitted simultaneously through one single mode fibre (only 4 channels are shown in figure 2). Each channel is transmitted at a different "colour" of light than the other channels. By a straightforward comparison of WDM and DWDM in figure 1 and 2, we see that the wavelength stability and linewidth of the lasers can have fundamentally different characteristics. DWDM systems demand much better wavelength accuracy and filtering performance than regular WDM systems
8/1/2013 DA-IICT Gandhinagar 22

Comparison
Proposed solution entails transmitting IP

over pure DWDM. OSI transport layer purely optical so high bit rate so no need to purchase SONET/SDH a real cost reduction. SONET functions poorly with bursty traffic.
8/1/2013 DA-IICT Gandhinagar 23

Comparison
If the DWDM system improves in its ability to survive

in the inter-network, SONET will become obsolete because by purposing its resources to maintain reliability SONET is not as efficient. SONET most inexpensive way to force reliability into the circuit based system the arrival of gigabit routers negates SONET even more because the increased capacity seems certainly adequate. DWDM system allows transmission of legacy data traffic like gigabit Ethernet, ATM, IP and SONET on different channels.
8/1/2013 DA-IICT Gandhinagar 24

Comparison with Tech- Telecom Paradigm Shifts

Carriers moving from tariffed to non-

tariffed services. Price can drop more in non-tariffed environment. Changing from circuit provider to fiber caretaker

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

25

Comparison: CWDM/DWDM
CWDM systems in comparison use non-stabilized

lasers along with broadband filters for wider channel spacing of 20 nm, allowing for up to 16 transmitted wavelengths. DWDM systems utilize temperature-stabilized lasers and narrow band filters to achieve narrow channel spacing of 0.8 nm or less, enabling the transmission of 16 or more wavelengths/data channels within a given color spectrum. Hence, DWDM is the best choice for applications where channel density/bandwidth is of high priority. At the same time, CWDM remains an excellent option for applications where deployment costs are 8/1/2013 DA-IICT Gandhinagar 26 to be considered.

Conclusion
Optical networking provides the backbone to support existing and emerging technologies with almost limitless amounts of bandwidth capacity. DWDM opens the pathway to Terabit networking and gives a free rein to the enormous bandwidth (and revenue generating!) possibilities of the optical transmission on silica fiber. The scale of DWDM solutions and quantity of global deployments over the last few years has increased exponentially.
8/1/2013 DA-IICT Gandhinagar 27

Conclusion
The need for broadband is the need of an

hour. It is expected that this need will grow exponentially with the pace of time. Hence the technologies like DWDM, IP over DWDM promises to fulfill our needs.

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

28

Thank You!

8/1/2013

DA-IICT Gandhinagar

29