VALVE CHARECTERISTIC

Valve characteristic is the relation between the flow

through the valve and the valve stem position.

Three types of valve characteristic in relation
between the stem position ( as % of full range) and
flow rate (as a % of maximum).

Quick opening
Linear
Equal percentage
1
2
TYPES OF GLOBE VALVE

Three types of globe valve in relation between the
stem position ( as % of full range) and flow rate (as a
% of maximum).

Quick opening
Linear
Equal percentage
3
1. Quick opening

It is used for ON/OFF control applications. A
relatively small motion of valve stem results a
maximum possible change in flow rate through
the valve.
It is also used for safety where quick opening is
desired.

It is known as the square root trim.





1) s (0 valve the of open fraction s s s = = s f
4
2. Linear
Used when a relatively constant pressure drop is
maintained across the valve and the flow rate varies
linearly with the stem position according to the
following relationship:



3. Equal percentage

A given percentage change in stem position produces
an equivalent change in the flow.

5
max max
S
S
Q
Q
=

Rangeability is the ratio of maximum to minimum
controllable C
V
. This is also sometimes called C
V
Ratio or
Turndown



The change in the flow rate depends on the flow rate
already occurring and the change in stem displacement.

max
min
max
min
Q
Q
S
S
Q
Q
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
( )
min
max
Q
Q
= R ty Rangeabili
6
Q/Q
max
S/S
max
Valve Characteristics
7
EXAMPLE
For example, an application may require a
maximum C
V

of 170. A 4 Equal Percentage Trim
may be selected that has a maximum CV of 195.
Using the rangeability value for this trim, the
minimum C
V

is 195/100 =19.5, not 170/100 =17.

DO EXAMPLES IN THE GUIDE
8

VALVE SIZING
Valve sizing depends on the flow rates through the
control valve, stem position , fluid properties and the
pressure drop through the valve.

The volumetric flow, Q, through the control valve can be
measured by the flow equation given as :

, where P is the pressure drop across the
valve, SG, is relative density compared with water, and


9
SG
P
C Q
v
v
A
=
VALVE COEFFICIENT(C
v
) TABLE
10
the C
v
flow coefficient is the volume (in US gallons)
of water that will flow per minute through a valve
with a pressure drop of 1 psi across the valve.

Cv (gpm.psi
-0.5
)


VALVE
SIZE
PORT DIAM Valve opening, percentage (%) of total travel Flow
characteristic
(inches) (mm) 10 30 70 100
Equal percentage
C
V

1 19 0.13 0.48 1.15 4
5/4 19 0.783 2.20 7.84 17.2
3/2 29 1.52 3.87 17.4 35.8
2 38 1.66 4.66 25.4 59.7
2-1/2 38 3.43 10.8 49.2 99.4
3 38 4.32 10.9 66.0 136
4 51 5.85 18.3 125 224
6 51 12.9 43.3 239 394
8 76 27.0 105 605 818
EXERCISE
Consider the diagram below, determine the size of
the valve required to control the liquid water flow
when the maximum flow rate is 63 gpm and the
pressure of the heat exchanger & the total pressure
of the system are 6, and 49.4 psi, respectively.
Size the valve to be used.

11
Solution.






Complete the solution using the valve
coefficient table.







12
psi gpmp
psi
gpm
SG
P
Q
Cv
SG
P
C Q
v
v
v
56 . 9
1
4 . 43
63
= =
A
=
A
=
13
EXERCISE

V = 3.08 GPM
P1 = 100 PSI
P2 = 40 PSI
SG = 1

Size the valve to be used.