John Carl S.

Ronato MAED Major in English

O PHONICS
O Reading instruction method based on

learning letter-sound correspondence

O The first program for teaching phonics

using the analytic phonics method was devised in 1783 by Noah Webster (or most commonly known as Blue Backed Speller). It became the best selling reading program for nearly 100 years. This method of teaching phonics is the most widely used in the USA today.

O In analytic phonics children are taught to

look initially at the whole word and then break it down to compare parts of the word to letter-sound relationships they have come across in previously learned words.

O A single syllable word has two parts: the

onset (or beginning) and the rime. In the word spill, sp is the onset and ill is the rime. By varying the onset, one rime can generate tens and even hundreds of additional words. These groups of words are collectively known as a word family.

O In analytic phonics children are taught to

analyze whole words to detect spelling patterns and then split them into the onset and rime. This decoding enables them to make a comparison with other words they may know from the same word family. For example, if the child knows goat, boat and float, then the word moat will be easy to read, even if it is the first time that it has been seen.

Teaching Principles
O In analytic phonics the child first learns the

names of each of the 26 letters of the alphabet and the sounds that they make. The letter m, for example, has the letter name em and the letter-sound /m/ as in man. Initially the focus is on identifying these sounds when they appear at the beginning of words, then the child will identify these sounds appearing in the middle and ends of words.

Teaching Principles
O Next the child is taught how to blend

letters together to make simple three letter words such as 'cat', 'sun' etc. For example, programs may start with regular short-vowel words containing a (e.g. can, man, fan, ran) and then progress through words containing the other vowels.

Teaching Principles
O Consonant clusters (e.g. bl, gr, st) are

then introduced, first at the beginning of words and then at the end of words.

Teaching Principles
O The next stage in analytic phonics

teaching is to teach the child about important letter combinations that symbolize specific sounds such as long vowel sounds (e.g. a-e, i-e), consonant digraphs (e.g. th, sh, ch, wh, ck, ph, wr), vowel combinations or diphthongs (e.g. ee, oa, oe, ai, ay, oi, oy, ea, ow, ou, ue, au), r-controlled vowels (e.g. ar, or, ore, er, ur, ir, ear, eer, air) and other combinations (e.g. a+l, w+a, c+e, igh, ough).

Teaching Principles
O Similarly spelt words are set up in rhyming

families and learned together (e.g. bread, thread, tread, dread).

Teaching Principles
O Rules are taught to help deduce how a

word should be read. However, exceptions to these rules must also be learnt.

Teaching Principles
O The most common irregular words are

taught to be recognized by sight.

Teaching Principles
O The child is encouraged to use picture

cues, initial letter cues and context information for guessing words.

Teaching Principles
O Books that support this teaching method

use text with repetitive, predictable sentences. Pictures give clues for any new words introduced on that page.

Advantages
O Of the words used most often in written

material, 47% can be read using basic phonic rules, so by learning these rules children are already well on their way to being able to read nearly half of the words commonly encountered.

Advantages
O This technique is an efficient way to help

children develop a large sight vocabulary for both reading and spelling.

Advantages
O It is particularly useful for words which

dont lend themselves to sounding out phonetically. Common examples include could, would, should. By learning the rime ould, and recognizing it in one of these three words, the other two words are also easily learned.

Disadvantages
O Learning the sounds and their blends can

be boring for young children, although some reading programs introduce games and activities to try to keep it fun.

Disadvantages
O It can be confusing for children when they

discover that a single letter has more than one sound depending on the word you find it in. For example, think of how you pronounce o in dog, food, fold and shout. Knowing what sound to give a letter becomes a case of memorizing many word families.

Disadvantages
O Promoting guessing to help read words

encourages reading that is prone to inaccuracies.

Disadvantages
O One new letter sound is often taught each

week, which is a comparatively slow rate of learning compared to other methods.

Disadvantages
O Although the method works with many

children, a large percentage still struggle with this method of teaching phonics.

O If you want to teach your child to read using phonics,

O O O O

there are a variety of different reading programs available to help you. Whether you are looking for a simple handbook describing the steps you should follow, or an on-line program with computer-animated games to entertain your child while they are learning, you should be able to find something that meets your needs. http://www.phonicsontheweb.com/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/wordsandpictures/cvc/w hirl/index.shtml http://www.crickweb.co.uk/ks1literacy.html#cvcmaker http://www.newton.k12.ks.us/tech/first_grade_internet 2.htm

O To help your child practice specific

phonics rules encourage them to read easy reader books based on phonics. Most of the words contained in these books, which have been written especially for beginner readers, can be sounded out using phonic rules. If your child comes across a word they do not know they can decode it by breaking the word down into units and blending together the sounds of each of these units.

Other Readings

Teaching Analytic Phonics with Phonograms

O The analytic phonics method teaches single

syllable words in two parts. The first part is the onset, or beginning sound, and the second part is the rime, which is the rest of the word. Children are to blend the onset and rime to read the word. Phonograms are a letter or letter combination that makes a single sound. This method of teaching phonics is an alternate to the synthetic approach to teaching phonics, which teaches children to identify each sound in the word and blend them together. Teaching analytic phonics with phonograms will help a child learn to read and spell more effectively.

Instructions
O Teach a child the phonograms. Students

should be able to identify and verbalize the sound of each phonogram. The 72 phonograms include each letter alphabet plus ai, ar, au, aw, ay, ch, ci, ck, dge, ea, ear, ed, ee, ei, eigh, er, ew, ey, gn, ie, igh, ir, kn, ng, nk, oa, oe, oi, oo, or, ou, ough, our, ow, oy, ph, sh, si, tch, th, ti, ui, ur, wh, wor and wr.

Instructions
O Teach children the onset of single syllable

words. You will have students using their knowledge of phonograms to identify the onset of each single syllable word. For example, /C/ is the onset of the word cat.

Instructions
O Teach children the rime. With analytic

phonics, students are taught rime families and identify the rime as a whole instead of as its parts. For example, the rime family for /at/, the rime in cat, includes words like fat, sat and rat. The difference is in the onset, not the rime. In order to sound out the word cat using analytic phonics, the student would say "c-at, cat". This differs from synthetic phonics, where the student would sound the word out by saying "c-a-t, cat".

References
O
O

O O

Bjorklund, David F. & Blasi, Carlos Hernndez. (2012). Cognitive Development and Reading. Child and Adolescent Development: An Integrated Approach (pp. 416-417). Canada: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Buie, Elizabeth. (February 11, 2005). Analytic versus synthetic phonics. Retrieved on August 1, 2013 from http://www.tes.co.uk/article.aspx?storycode=2072668. Wagaman, Jennifer. (n.d.). Retrieved on August 1, 2013 from http://www.ehow.com/how_6601595_teaching-analytic-phonicsphonograms.html __________. (June 30, 2010). Analytical Phonics. Retrieved on July 30, 2013 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_phonics. __________. (n.d.). Analytic Phonics. Retrieved on July 30, 2013 from http://www.childrens-books-and-reading.com/analyticphonics.html. __________. (n.d.). Analytic Phonics Method. Retrieved on July 30, 2013 from http://www.mybreakfastreadingprogram.com/MBRP_01/analytic_ph onics.htm.