Corruption in the Philippines

Graft Refers to the questionable acquisition of wealth by a person in office.

Corruption Pertain to the use of public office for private gain.

Corruption always involves more than one person. It involves secrecy. Entails mutual obligation and benefit. It involves deception. In any form, it is a betrayal of the public trust. It rest on a contradictory function. It violates the duty and responsibility within the civic of orders.

The corruption in the endemic and metastatic.

Philippines

is

Income side: Use of government power to extort money. Expenditure side: Malversation of public funds.

In the year 1980s the Philippines entered the Guinness Book of World Records for allegedly the biggest corruption of all time, referring to the period of the dictatorship of the former President, Ferdinand Marcos. The corruption of his regime is also known as, kleptocracy and plunder became part of the Filipinos political vocabulary and discourse.

Government by thievery did not stop with the enactment of the Republic Act No. 7080 in 1991, entitled An Act Defining Plunder. Indeed, although both laws and agencies to combat corruption have increased in the post-Marcos period, it remains one of the prime problems complained of by the people.

Absence/weakness of leadership

Weakness of religious influence

Colonialism Lack of Education Poverty Absence of punitive measures Structure of government

Historical Philippine political development

Patron- client political culture

Personalistic character of out politics

Political relationships as systems of exchange

Poverty Unfinished projects Economic Loss

Rent-seeking behaviors

Diminished government
revenues

Wasted resources
Weakness in

Legal ambiguity
Encouragement of

government

criminality

Cultures cannot be changed overnight, support for value changes must be developed through a system of rewards and punishments that becomes regularized in standard operating procedures. Value development seminars should be caseoriented, thought provoking, and able to encourage innovative behavior, while raising alarm about continued violations.

Paying the proper taxes, obeying regulations, being well informed about government services these are only the first steps in moving to a disciplined but democratic society.

In addition, support for politicians who promote causes rather than just their charm and personality would also make the line of accountability clearer. The development of parties with coherent platforms should then be a focus of peoples participation.

Political Culture/Discourse

It is imperative to clearly define what corruption consists of

Economic Reform
A much more level economic playing field should reduce corruption

Anti- Corruption Campaigns

http://www.unafei.or.jp/english/pdf/RS_No 56/No56_44PA_Moratalla.pdf http://www.google.com http://www.slideshare.net/brianbelen/corru ption-in-the-philippines Philippine Daily Inquirer, September 7, 1998, as cited in Graft and Corruption: the Philippine Experience, p. 502