Analysis of Biomass and Biofuels as source of energy

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Bikramjeet Singh B.Tech(hons)IT_MBA(intg)

Technology and Environmental Impact of Biomass & Biofuels

Technology
Biomass technology today serves many markets

that were developed with fossil fuels and modestly reduces their use
Uses - Industrial process heat and steam, Electrical power generation, Transportation fuels (ethanol and biodiesel) and other products.

Primary focus of the Biomass Program development of advanced technologies.

Current Focus
Platform technologies

Sugar Platform Technology

Thermochemical Platform Technology

Bio-refinery
A facility that integrates biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce fuels, power, and chemicals from biomass.

Analogous to today's petroleum refineries It is based on the Sugar Platform and the Thermochemical Platform

Bio-diesel
Made by transforming animal fat or vegetable oil with alcohol . Fuel is made from rapeseed (canola) oil or soybean oil or recycled restaurant grease. Directly substituted for diesel either as neat fuel or as an oxygenate additive

Jatropha
Biodiesel from Jatropha Seeds of the Jatropha nut is crushed and oil is extracted The oil is processed and refined to form bio-diesel.

Gasification Technology
Gobar gas Production
Biogas Synthesis gas

Gasification
A process that uses heat, pressure, and steam to convert materials directly into a gas composed primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
.

Raw Materials for Gasification

Gasification

Products of gasification : * Hydrocarbon gases . * Hydrocarbon liquids (oils). * Char (carbon black and ash).

Gasifier Plant

Gasifier Plant

Gobar gas
Gobar gas production is an anaerobic process Fermentation is carried out in an air tight, closed cylindrical concrete tank called a digester

Environmental Concerns
Air Pollution Soil Deterioration

Air Concerns
Biomass processing technologies and biofuels use have the potential to increase emissions of ozone precursors

o Increase in Nox emissions

Combustion of ethanol would result in increased atmospheric concentrations of carcinogens

Soil Concerns
Burning biomass deprives local eco-systems of nutrients Increased use of pesticides and fertilizers to produce energy crops contaminate ground and surface water # Affects fish and wildlife

Environmental Benefits
Reduction of waste

Extremely low emission of greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuels Ethanol is Carbon neutral and forms a part of the carbon cycle
Growing variety of crops increases bio-diversity

Bio Mass
Biomass already supplies 14 % of the worlds primary energy consumption. On average, biomass produces 38 % of the primary energy in developing countries.

Fertilizers as by product.
Average electricity generation of 5.5kWh per cow per day!!

Thank You