IMT 161/121 Drive Systems Chapter 2

Journals

are the parts of a shaft that is supported by bearings. Journals are always machined smooth and true.

Bearing support block

 Guides

and supports a rotating shaft. Confines radial motion of a shaft. Formed in a cylindrical shape or a portion of a cylinder. Can be anti-friction or plain bearings. Can be made of many different materials.

 Advantages

compared to anti-friction bearings; 1. Less radial space required. 2. Quiet operation. 3. Less likely to be damaged by contamination. 4. Better resistance to overloading and shock loads. 5. Lower original cost (generally).

 Can

be stored indefinitely without deteriorating. Require good lubrication practices.

 When

the shaft is rotating, a thin film of lube prevents metal to metal contact between the bearing surface and the shaft surface. Full film lubrication is when there is NO metal to metal contact.

 When

the shaft is not turning, there will be metal to metal contact. As the shaft starts to turn, boundary lubrication is achieved. Boundary lubrication means there is some separation of metal surfaces but metal to metal contact occurs at high spots.

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 Two

types of lubricants are used with PJB. 1. Oil--the measure of an oils ability to flow is viscosity. Slow flowing oils have a high (thick) viscosity.

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 2.

Grease--used where oil leakage may be a problem. The hardness (or softness) of a grease is expressed by the term consistency.

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 Thick

(hard) grease may not properly coat a bearing surface, leaving bare spots. Thin (soft) grease may run off a bearing surface leaving no lubricant film.

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 Improper

lubrication means: too much, not enough or the wrong kind of lubricant. Good lubrication means: the right amount of the right type in the right place at the right time.

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 Check

the manufacturers specifications for the right type and amount of lubricant.

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 PJB

often have lubrication grooves on the inside surfaces. Grooves are not generally positioned in the lower 1/3 of the bearing. This would disrupt the full film lube. Grooves are generally located in the areas of least resistance.

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 Depth

of oil grooves is generally 1/3 the wall thickness. Width of oil grooves is generally twice the depth.

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 Grease

grooves are usually wider and deeper than oil grooves. Edges of grooves are beveled to aid in lube dispersion.

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 The

simplest of groove patterns are axial and circumferential. Some grooves are variations/combinations of axial and circumferential grooves.

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Bearing inserts

Shaft

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 Prevent

contamination from entering the bearing area. Prevent lubrication leakage. Not all bearings are sealed. Can be made of felt or synthetic rubber. Many styles, materials and designs.

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 Solid

--one piece, can be called bushings or sleeve bearings. Bushings are generally thin walled & are pressed into place. Sleeve bearings are usually thick walled. Split--generally two equal sized pieces. Multi-part--generally, 4 pieces. Partial--generally a half-bearing.
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 Matching

halves--Must be used in pairs, saw cut from a solid bearing. Precision halves--are interchangeable because they are made to close tolerances

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 Bronze.

Hard drawn bronze. Cast bronze.

The

solid bronze sleeve bearing is considered to be the most reliable of all types of bearings available.

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 Split

bearings are often made by lining steel, cast iron or bronze shells with a low friction material.
Babbitt. Bimetal construction.

Precision

inserts fit into accurately machined shells.

Tri-metal construction.

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No Glasses Fire

Babbitt
Drive box Molten babbitt
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 Crush

and spread.

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 Crush

is the extra amount of lining material that makes each insert half slightly larger than a half circle. Helps clamp the insert into the bearing seat. Spread is the slight increase in diameter of the insert across the open-end width, requires the insert to be lightly forced into place.
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Insert
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 Each

type of bearing has advantages and not all bearings are good for all applications. Criteria for choosing a bearing: 1. Load. 2. Clearance. 3. How the bearing can be installed. 4. Alignment stability.
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 5.

Shaft size and speed 6. Lubrication method and type 7. Environment of equipment 8. Operating temperature 9. Maintenance practices 10. Duty cycle

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