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By:
Akanksha Archana Rawat Noorie Khan Vineeta Rani 38810
OBJECTIVE
This project focuses on the software simulation of microstrip dual band antenna.
Review of Antenna
An electrical conductor or system of conductors Some important parameters are:(a). Gain - measure of the concentration of radiative power in a particular direction (b).Efficiency- a measure of the relative power radiated by the antenna. (c).Effective area - measure of the ability of the antenna to extract energy from a passing EM wave.
(d).Directivity- measure of the concentration of radiation in the direction of the maximum. (e).Input Impedence-the impedance presented by an antenna at its terminals (f).Radiation Loss - the amount of power that is lost to the load and does not return as a reflection (g).Radiation Pattern- plot of the far-field radiation properties of an antenna as a function of the spatial co-ordinates
MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
Planar resonant cavities that leak from their edges and radiate Consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate which has a ground plane on the other side Patch is of conducting material and of any possible shape.
Light weight and low volume. Low fabrication cost, hence can be manufactured in large quantities. Supports both, linear as well as circular polarization. Can be easily integrated with microwave integrated circuits (MICs).
Narrow bandwidth Low efficiency Low Gain Extraneous radiation from feeds and junctions Poor end fire radiator except tapered slot antennas Low power handling capacity.
Coaxial Feed
common technique used for feeding Microstrip patch antennas the inner conductor of the coaxial connector extends through the dielectric and is soldered to the radiating patch, while the outer conductor is connected to the ground plane
main advantage-the feed can be placed at any desired location inside the patch major disadvantage-provides narrow bandwidth and is difficult to model
Represents the microstrip antenna by two slots of width W and height h, separated by a transmission line of length L. The microstrip is a non homogeneous line of two dielectrics
EQUATIONS USED
reff= (reff+ 1)/2 + (reff- 1)/2[1+12h/W]-1/2 L=0.412h(reff+ 0.3)(W/h + 0.264)/((reff0.258)(W/h + 0.8)) Leff=L+2 L Leff=c/(2fo(reff) W=c/(2fo((r+1)/2))
The software part of design is determination of the radiation pattern and return loss curve three essential parameters for the design1) Frequency of operation (fo) 2) Dielectric constant of the substrate (r) 3) Height of dielectric substrate (h) a dual band antenna that uses two rectangular patches connected to each other using 4-briges.
Parameters used
Permittivity of substrate = 3.18 Height of substrate = 3.400 mm Frequency =2.4 GHz (due to outer patch)=5.5 GHz (due to inner patch) Bridge width = 2 mm
The dimensions of the patch are as follows Ground plane Lg = Wg = 40 mm (Square ground plane) Outer Patch L = W = w2 = 28 mm (Square outer patch) Inner Patch L = 18mm W = 15.13 mm .
Directivity vs Frequency
Gain vs Frequency
VSWR
Conclusion
References
THANK YOU