MEARSK CONVINCER MANAGED PRESSURE DRILLING TRAINING LEVEL 1 RIG CREW

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Awareness Training

Dynamic Annular Pressure Control

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AGENDA
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Explain what Managed Pressure Drilling is. Explain what Dynamic Annular Pressure Control is. What the DAPC System does? How DAPC can be used on different wells. How DAPC will affect the daily drilling activity. How DAPC will not affect daily drilling activity. What the Driller and Crew need to know. What the @Balance Crew need to know.

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WHAT IS MANAGED PRESSURE DRILLING?

Some means of controlling BHP
Mud Cap Drilling Air Drilling Pressurised Mud Cap Drilling Dual Gradient Drilling Foam Drilling Underbalanced Drilling Dynamic Annular Pressure Control (DAPC)

These are all forms of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD)

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Conventional Drilling
Riser with a a flow line to the shakers Well bore open to to the atmosphere

Annular

Shakers
Pipe Rams

Mud Cross

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RCD and Primary Flow Line

Rotating Control Device installed on the Annular Cuttings and Mud return to the shaker via the DAPC choke
Annular

The riser is removed and replaced with a RCD and high pressure flow line to the DAPC choke
Pipe Rams

Mud Cross

RCD with rubber element sealing around the drill pipe

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How DAPC works.

By closing the DAPC choke on the returning mud, the well head pressure increases. This causes the Bottom Hole Pressure to increase. By opening the DAPC choke, the well head pressure reduces, and the Bottom Hole Pressure reduces.

DAPC has a control system that operates the choke and pump, and maintains the Bottom Hole Pressure at the required value. If flow from the well is not enough, the DAPC pump starts pumping, and this allows the DAPC system to keep the required bottom hole pressure.
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What is the DAPC system?

A Drilling Choke with two drilling legs. This will be referred to as the DAPC Choke A back pressure pump to supply mud when flow from the well is not enough. This is the DAPC Pump.

A Control Cabin in which the control system is kept. This controls the choke and pump. A flow meter manifold which measures the flow rate out of the Well. Often called the Coriolis meter or Micro Motion
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Equipment Layout

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MPD Mud Flow DRILLING

MGS

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MPD Mud Flow CONNECTION

MGS

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Other Chokes and Pumps

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RCD STACK UP

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RCD SPOOL / BEARING

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RCD ELEMENTS. SINGLE / DSEA

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DATA & CONTROL SYSTEM

Existing rig instrumentation

Rig data System

RIG DATA
Flowrate Standpipe Press PWD String RPM Bit Depth Other

DAPC Control
Hydraulics model
(determines back pressure set-point)

Operator GUI + comms

PLC
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Choke, Pump Sensors

What the DAPC system can do

Can maintain a constant bottom hole pressure while drilling Can hold a constant bottom hole pressure during a connection when the pumps are off Can provide an instant increase in the effective mud weight, by increasing the back pressure. Can provide an instant decrease in effective mud weight by decreasing the back pressure.

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Why are we using DAPC?

There are many reasons why an Oil Company would want to use DAPC / Managed Pressure Drilling on their well. Drill through a narrow margin between formation pressure and fracture gradient. Keep Wellbore stability by adding BP when pumps off

Avoid problems with connection gas

Having control over the BHP, they can drill further. Accurate kick detection for narrow kick margins.

Avoid ballooning the formation.

Reduce the BHP, and possibly improve ROP and reduce formation damage.

Eliminate the Swab (negative ECD) effect.

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BHP Operating Window - Higher Pore Pressure - Conventional Drlg

10000

Pore PressureDepth Well Bore Stability Frac Pressure

10500

11000

11500

Hydrostatic

ECD

12000

12500

LOSSES

13000

MW
13500

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17.5

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18.5

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10000

BHP Operating Window - Using BackPressure (MPD)

Pore Pressure or Stability

10500

Frac Pressure

Depth
11000

11500

Hydrostatic
12000

ECD

ADD 250 psi BP on Connections

12500

13000

13500 14 14.5 15

MW
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Gas Expansion
Conventional
680 Cubic ft @ 14.7 psi

MPD
20 Cubic ft @ 500 psi

1 Cubic ft @ 10,000psi
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1 Cubic ft @ 10,000psi

Who are the @Balance Crew

On each tour there will always be:
An MPD Supervisor: Main person to deal with in regards to forward plans, drilling issues etc. He will manage all procedures related to DAPC

A Control Systems Tech: Monitors the control system and ensures it is performing as required.

RCD Supervisor: Monitors the RCD system and main focal point for RCD element change outs.

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The safest way to drill MPD

Identify potential hazards before they happen. This may be done prior to start up as well as during drilling. Do not hesitate to bring possible problems / hazards to the attention of the Co Man and MPD Supervisor. Follow the DAPC specific procedures in a steady and logical manner. It is not a race! Plan ahead and hold frequent tool box talks prior to starting new or different procedures. Establish, Understand, and Follow the lines of communications. Who gives direction, who takes direction and who monitors the process. Communicate clearly and confirm you have been understood.
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Organization
Company Man
Include MPD Supervisor in forward planning for MPD issues

Tool Pusher

MPD Supervisor
Control System Technician

Driller
These will be the most common lines of Communication during MPD procedures

RCD Technician

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What affects DAPC Operations

DAPC controls the flow out of the well, and therefore controls pressure in the well.

Any activity involving altering or pumping mud around the well should be done in collaboration with @Balance.
If MW, properties or related equipment is faulty, failing or about to be shut down, then @Balance need to know. Any DATA or MWD tool changes during MPD operations Any changes or interruption to the mud, rig air , or power supply to @Balance should be brought to the attention of @Balance. Please notify the @Balance MPD Supervisor on any of the above issues
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Independent of DAPC
All changes to drilling parameters such as WOB, RPM, which bit to run etc, are not DAPC related. These remain normal drilling issues between the rig and Co Man. The Driller should continue with Good Drilling Practice when in DAPC mode. This includes issues like working the pipe, etc . Well Control remains the responsibility of the Co Man / Tool Pusher. The MPD Supervisor is not a Well Control Expert.

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Procedures
@Balance have a series of instructions for conducting Operational and Contingency procedures. These are understood by the MPD Supervisor, and need to be directed to the Driller where necessary. The MPD Supervisor will coordinate the DAPC procedures. Procedures include: Making a Connection. POOH with pressure in the well bore. Drill string float valve failure. Rig pump failure. etc
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Drillers Responsibility
Good teamwork and communication between the Driller and the Control System Technician is critical Bringing the mud pumps up and down in a steady and controlled manner will allow the Chokes to react and DAPC system maintain a constant BHP. To inform the MPD Supervisor of any changes in or failures of the equipment. Be aware of the RCD element {keep lubricated}
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RCD Awareness
Do not look down onto the RCD. Trapped pressure could release from it at any point. Be aware that the RCD affects the string weight, and this is exaggerated when a tool joint is passing through. Should the RCD fail catastrophically, the Driller must shut in the pumps and close the BOPs. The situation can be dealt with once secured.

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Additional Safety Points

The flow lines will be under pressure; for this reason, no heavy lifts should occur above the lines, choke and pump, while operational.

The choke valves are remotely controlled, and thus move without anybody turning the handles. Be aware of this when in the area.
The DAPC pump starts up remotely, and always needs a fluid supply from rig tanks available to it. Do not isolate its fluid supply just because it is not pumping at the time. There are several cables and hydraulic/Air hoses required to run the system. Avoid damaging them.

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Thank You & Please ask questions if you are unsure

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