Do now!

Can you complete the friction investigation?

Bunny suicide #2

Last lesson
1.8 Know what a force is 1.9 Types of force 1.10 & 1.11Vectors and scalars 1.12 Adding forces 1.13 Understand that friction is a force that opposes motion.

Forces
Remember a force is a push (or pull)

Forces
Force is measured in Newtons

Forces
There are many types of forces; electrostatic, magnetic, upthrust, friction, gravitational

Scalars and Vectors

No direction

scalars

vectors

Magnitude (size)

Magnitude and direction

temperature

mass

velocity force speed acceleration

Representing vectors
Vectors can be represented by arrows. The length of the arrow indicates the magnitude, and the direction the direction!

Copy please!

Adding vectors
For example;
6N 4N
Resultant force

2N

Friction opposes motion!

Todays lesson
Newtons laws of motion

Newtons Laws of Motion

Thats me!

Newtons

st 1

Law

If there is no resultant force acting on an object, it will move with constant velocity. (Note the constant velocity could be zero).

Newtons
If there is no resultant force acting on an object, it will move with constant velocity. (Note the constant velocity could be zero).

st 1

Law

Does this make sense?

Newtons
If there is no resultant force acting on an object, it will move with constant velocity. (Note the constant velocity could be zero).

st 1

Law

Can you copy it whilst you think about it?

Newtons

st 1

law

Newtons first law was actually discovered by Galileo.

Newton nicked it!

Newtons first law

Galileo imagined a marble rolling in a very smooth (i.e. no friction) bowl.

If you let go of the ball, it always rolls up the opposite side until it reaches its original height (this actually comes from the conservation of energy).

Newtons first law

No matter how long the bowl, this always happens

Newtons first law

No matter how long the bowl, this always happens.

Newtons first law

constant velocity

Galileo imagined an infinitely long bowl where the ball never reaches the other side!

Newtons first law

Newtons first law

The ball travels with constant velocity until its reaches the other side (which it never does!). Galileo realised that this was the natural state of objects when no (resultant ) forces act.

constant velocity

Another example
Imagine Mr Porter cycling at constant velocity.

Newtons

st 1

law

He is providing a pushing force.

Constant velocity

Newtons

st 1

law

There is an equal and opposite friction force.

Pushing force

friction

Constant velocity

Newtons second law

Newtons second law concerns examples where there is a resultant force.

I thought of this law myself!

Lets go back to Mr Porter on his bike.

Remember when the forces are balanced (no resultant force) he travels at constant velocity.

Pushing force

friction

Constant velocity

Newtons 2nd law

Now lets imagine what happens if he pedals faster.

Pushing force

friction

Newtons 2nd law

His velocity changes (goes faster). He accelerates!
Remember that acceleration is rate of change of velocity. In other words acceleration = (change in velocity)/time

Pushing force

friction
acceleration

Newtons 2nd law

Now imagine what happens if he stops pedalling.

friction

Newtons 2nd law

He slows down (decellerates). This is a negative acceleration.

friction

Newtons 2nd law

So when there is a resultant force, an object accelerates (changes velocity)
Mr Porters Porche Pushing force

friction

Newtons

nd 2

law

There is a mathematical relationship between the resultant force and acceleration.

Resultant force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s2)

FR = ma

Its physics, theres always a mathematical relationship!

Newtons

nd 2

law

There is a mathematical relationship between the resultant force and acceleration.

Resultant force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s2)

FR = ma

Can you copy this too?

An example
What will be Mr Porters acceleration?
Mass of Mr Porter and bike = 100 kg

Pushing force (100 N)

Friction (60 N)

An example
Resultant force = 100 60 = 40 N FR = ma 40 = 100a Mass of Mr Porter and bike = 100 kg a = 0.4 m/s2
Pushing force (100 N)

Friction (60 N)

Newtons

rd 3

law

If a body A exerts a force on body B, body B will exert an equal but opposite force on body A.

Hand (body A) exerts force on table (body B)

Table (body B) exerts force on hand (body A)

Dont worry!
We wont do Newtons 3rd law until next year!

Thats all folks!

Lets try some questions!

He promised us it would stop..