BIOCHEMISTRY: Introduction

-Human Body Structures(Anatomy) -Human Body Functions(Physiology) -Human Body Metabolic Balance(Biochemistry)

For 1st Professional MBBS Students

Biochemistry in Medical Practice

Bio-chemical Basis of Energy Balance Slide 3 Slide 4 Slide 5 (Metabolism) explains Health and Disease Status Slides 6 10 in Human Body in Thera-gnostics to help Doctors: - in health maintenance Human Body Chemistry Slide 11 - To know cause of disease Case-oriented stepwise Slide 12-14 - To understand progress of disease- Stepwise way Slide 15-17 - To make therapy decision and referral to big Slide 18 hospital
Slide 19

Bio-Chemical Nature of Human Body

Circulation, Distribution and Molecular Reactions Means Driving Bio-Energy Force

Hormones Receptors Enzymes Carbohydrates Amino Acids/Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids Vitamins/Minerals
Lectures 3 - 8

Atoms (C,H,O,P,N,S,minerals)
Free Radical Diseases

Molecules
Molecular Diseases

Super-Assemblies
Structural Diseases

Organelles, skeleton
Organelle Diseases

Cells
Cell Diseases

Tissues
Tissue Diseases

Organs
Organ Diseases

Systems + DRIVING ENERGY

LIVE HUMAN BODY

Bio-Chemical Nature of Human Body Molecules react each other A + B C

Carbohydrate Metabolism (Lectures 4-8) Amino Acid/Protein Metabolism(Lectures 9-13) Lipid Metabolism (Lectures 14-18) Nucleic Acid Metabolism (DNA, RNA)(Lectures 19-20) Vitamins and Minerals in Metabolism(Lectures 21-22) Role of Enzymes, Hormones, Active peptides, Bioproteins (Lectures 23-26)

Bio-Energy Balance in Human Body

Water, Oxygen, Nutrients pH and Buffers (Lecture 2) Energy currency molecules (iP, ATP, NADH, FADH) Energy Metabolism (TCA cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Electron Transport System) Phosphate bonds (Lecture 24)

Constant Daily Supply of Food Keeps Body Alive by Feed-fast Cycle(Nutrition)

FOOD and DIET Carbohydrates(Glucose balance) Proteins(Nitrogen balance) Lipids(Carboxyl balance) Water soluble Vitamins Fat-soluble Vitamins Minerals Micronutrients Added Glucose, fatty acid, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, micronutrients Repair molecules in cells, tissues, organs and body -METABOLIC BALANCE PERFECT FOOD ENERGY ------------------------------------------------------If energy imbalance, (Calories) Nutritional deficiency Nutritional toxicity Nutritional disorders due to hormone, enzyme defects Diet induced carbohydrate, amino acid, protein, lipid, vitamin, mineral diseases Nutrigenomic defects

Lecture 30

Metabolic Balance in the Human Body

Anabolism = Catabolism
NUTRIENTS SUPPLY IN BODY Lipids Polysaccharides Proteins Nucleic Acids

Lipolysis
Fatty Acid/Glycerol Fatty Acid Oxidation Acetyl CoA Ketone Bodies NADH/FADH2 CO2

Glycogenolysis
Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvate TCA cycle

Proteolysis
Amino Acids Degradation Acetyl CoA NH3 Urea Cycle Urea

Digestion
Nucleotides Degradation Pyrimidines/Purines Uric Acid CO2 B-NH2-Butyrate

Cytosol: Glycolysis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway Fatty Acid Synthesis Mitochondria matrix: Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation, B-Oxidation of fatty acids Ketone Bodies Gluconeogenesis Urea Cycle Microsome: Drug metabolism Peroxisomes: Xenobiotic metabolism Free radical metabolism

Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP Aminoacid Synthesis Gluconeogenesis Fatty Acid Synthesis Fatty Acids

Amino Acids + Glucose Protein synthesis biogenic amines catacholamines heme

Nucleotides Glycogen Triglycerides lipid, steroids, Nucleic Acid ecosanoids Synthesis RNA,DNA

Integrated Metabolism Keeps All Body Organs Functioning Well (Healthy State)
Muscle glycogen,ATP,proteins Brain catacholamines,glucose Glycerol Glycolysis Fatty acid synthesis Fatty Acids Beta Oxidation Cholesterol Bile Salts, Hormones Acetyl CoA Acetoacetate Ketone Bodies Nucleotide Metabolism Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA) Protein Synthesis Amino Acids Urea Cycle glycine Heme metabolism BLOOD Glycogen Galactose,GLUCOSE Liver lipids, amino acids Adipose lipids

TCA |

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lecture 31

Applied Biochemistry
A + B C CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY E/H/R MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY DNA-X D BIOTECHNOLOGY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY DISEASE DETECTION, HEALTH MONITORING, REAL-TIME THERAGNOSTICS
Lectures 32 - 35

Biochemical Basis of Health

Self-Health monitoring of good health Health checkup for early risk detection Preventive Guidance for staying healthy

Biochemistry as Health Check Tool

NUTRIENTS Carbohydrate Protein Lipid Nucleic Acid Vitamin/Mineral
Enzyme, Hormones Signal molecules ENERGY-RICH MOLECULES CIRCULATING METABOLITES END PRODUCTS Medical Biochemistry Atoms Molecules Assemblies Organelles Cell Tissue Organs

EVERY BODY PART DOING WELL:

Clinical Biochemistry

Perfect Balance Means

Good Health
Anabolism = Catabolism

CNS/BRAIN LIVER/GB KIDNEY LUNGS BONES HEART/VESSELS MUSCLES OVARY EYE EAR,NOSE,THROAT SKIN

NEUROLOGY GASTROENTEROLOGY UROLOGY PULMONOLOGY ORTHOPEDIC CARDIOLOGY OSTEOPATHY OBS/GYN OPTHALMOLOGY ENT DERMATOLOGY

FAMILY HEALTH PRACTICE Or CONFIRMING GOOD HEALTH (EVERY BODY PART DOING WELL) HEALTHY STATE

Biochemistry in Thera-gnostics:
Decision Making of Disease Burden and Intervention

Physical Diagnosis(signs and symptoms) Laboratory Investigations

Integrated Lab tests

Molecular Diagnosis Therapeutic Monitoring

Referral to nodal Medical Center Open for Discovery

Drug induced: 3D Structure, Chemistry, Regulatory Kinetics of Enzymes, Hormones, Receptors, Metabolic control, Molecule size, shape, localization, bioimaging

BIOCHEMICAL DISEASE BURDEN CONFIRMED AND THERAPY RESPONSE GOOD

Causes of Diseases
Biochemical Mechanisms

Acid-base imbalance Molecule structure changes Redox reactions, enzyme deficiency/overflow Metabolic imbalance and end-points Xenobiotics Biotransformations Intracellular metabolic regulation changes Nutritional and dietary factors Genetic mutation changes Amino acid substitutions Immunologic reactions

Biomolecules show imbalance in the body

Lecture 36

Biochemistry as Medical Practice Tool

NUTRIENTS Carbohydrate Protein Lipid Nucleic Acid Vitamin/Mineral
Enzyme, Hormones Signal molecules ENERGY-RICH MOLECULES CIRCULATING METABOLITES END PRODUCTS Medical Biochemistry Atoms Molecules Assemblies Organelles Cell Tissue Organs
NEUROLOGY GASTROENTEROLOGY UROLOGY PULMONOLOGY ORTHOPEDIC CARDIOLOGY OSTEOPATHY OBS/GYN OPTHALMOLOGY ENT DERMATOLOGY

DISEASES:

Clinical Biochemistry

Anabolism = Catabolism Imbalance Means Disease Energy Loss, metabolic deposits,enzymes/hormones/ signal molecules

CNS/BRAIN LIVER/GB KIDNEY LUNGS BONES HEART/VESSELS MUSCLES OVARY EYE EAR,NOSE,THROAT SKIN

MEDICAL PRACTICE Or THERADIAGNOSTICS -THERAPY CORRECTS THE IMBALANCE (DISEASE HEALTHY STATE)

Biochemical /Molecular Diseases

Diseases of Structure-Function of molecules (MOLECULAR MEDICINE) Diseases of metabolism (BIOCHEMICAL/NUTRITIONAL MEDICINE) Diseases of pH, electrolytes, water imbalance Molecular Diseases of cardiovascular system (CARDIOLOGY) Molecular Diseases of muscular system (OSTEOPATHY) Molecular Diseases of CNS/Nervous system (NEUROLOGY) Molecular Diseases of bone metabolism (ORTHOPEDICS) Diseases of gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary system (GASTROENTEROLOGY) Molecular Diseases of respiratory system (CHEST) Molecular Diseases of renal system (NEPHRO-UROLOGY) Molecular Diseases of genetic disorder (GENETIC MEDICINE) Molecular Diseases of reproductive system (OBS/GYN) Molecular Diseases of endocrines and hormones (ENDOCRINOLOGY) Molecular Diseases of blood, lymph and immune system (TRANSFUSION)

Lectures 35-40

Biochemistry Scope in Disease Progress Evaluation

Different Biomarker End-product Test Methods Detect and Measure The Disease Burden

Clinical Biochemistry Molecular imaging and Radioimaging

Nuclear Medicine (Biochemical labeling) Real-time Biochemical monitoring (fMRI)/PET) Noninvasive cell & tissue specific targeting techniques

Biochemical Therapy Decision

Molecular therapy Gene Therapy Drug therapy (Biochemical pharmacology) Nutrition Therapy Hormone Replacement Therapy Immunotherapy Nanomedicine

Lecture 42

Why Biochemistry in Decision-Making?

Lab Medicine Diagnostics by Specialist Pharmacologist Combinatorial Therapy

Disease specific biomarker change No drug induced side effect Correct disease-drug Rationale

Referral to Nodal Hospital

AIIMS ICMR Centers Speciality Medicine Health and Medical Reference Research Labs in BIOCHEMICAL/MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Scope of Biochemistry as Chemical Foundation of Life

Human Body made of Cells and Tissues Biotechnology Medical Practice in specialities Industrial Biochemistry Hospital Biochemistry

Digestive System

Hepatobiliary System

Circulatory System

Nervous System

Excretory System

Muscular System

Skeletal System

Sensory System

Endocrine System

Integrated System Approach

Anatomy-Physiology-Biochemistry Structure - Function - Metabolism
Muscles Muscle Contraction-Carbohydrate, Amino Acids, Protein metabolism Bones - Ossification-Calcium, phosphorus metabolism Digestive System Digestion- Carbohydrate, Protein, Bile, Lipid metabolism Nerves, CNS Conduction- Amines, Neurotransmitter metabolism Blood, Vascular System Circulation-Heme, Lipid, Lipoprotein metabolism Urinary system Excretion - Urea Cycle, Ammonia metabolism Reproductive System-Baby making- HCG, inborn metabolic genetic errors Endocrine System Regulation - Hormone metabolism

Healthy Body and Introduction to Disease in 1st Prof. & Treatment in 2nd Prof. onwards :Rakesh Sharmas Rule:
Live Human Body - (Biochemistry + Physiology) = Cadaver (Anatomy) ....Eq. 1st Prof