BTS312

GSM BTS312 Hardware Structure
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Know the functions and features of BTS Master the BTS hardware structure Master the signal processing of BTS
Page2
References

BTS312 User Manual BTS3.0 User Manual
Page3
Contents
Overview System Components Signal Processing Antenna and Feeder System
Page4
Location
Um Interface MS BTS BSC A Interface MS MSC/VLR TUP,ISUP PSTN ISDN PSPDN
M
MAP BTS
AP
BTS MS BTS OMC
HLR/AUC/EIR SMC/VM
MS: Mobile Station HLR: Home Location Register MSC: Mobile Switching Center VM: Voice Mailbox
BTS: Base Transceiver Station AUC: Authentication Center VLR: Visitor Location Register
BSC: Base Station Controller EIR: Equipment Identity Register SMC: Short Message Center
OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center
Page5
Features and Functions

High integration and low power consumption 15 radio carriers at the Abis sharing an E1 for transmission (15:1)
Support various transmission modes and complex
topologies,

e.g. SDH, E1, microwave, satellite etc. 1-minute fast startup
Page6
Features and Functions

Support GSM900,DCS1800,EGSM and RGSM Support GSM PHASE 1PHASE 2 and PHASE 2+ Support GPRS and EDGE Support baseband hopping and RF hopping
Support FR, HR, EFR and AMR

Support A5/1 and A5/2 encryption/decryption
Page7
Hardware Structure
DATA_BUS/CONTROL_BUS/TIMING_BUS
External control
E1
External alarm
TRX
CDU
antenna
TMU TRX
CDU
antenna
Opt. fiber xDSL

TEU TES CDU TRX FH_BUS PSU PMU Common Unit Signal Processing Unit
Page8
antenna
Antenna Feeder Unit
Cabinet and Boards

CDU: Combiner & Divider Unit
C C D U
TDU SWITCH BOX FAN BOX
T R X
T R X
T R X
T R X
TRX: Transceiver PMU: Power Monitoring Unit
D U
AIR BOX C D C D U T R X FAN BOX T R X T R X T R X
TMU: Timing/Transmission &

Management Unit PSU: Power Supply Unit
C D U
T R X
T R X
T R X
T R X
TDU: Time Distribution Unit

TES: Transmission Extension Power Supply Unit
P S U
D U
P S U
P S U
P S U
P S U
P S
P M
TT T T T MM E E E UU S U U
U U
TEU: Transmission Extension Unit

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page9
AIR BOX
Contents
Page10
Contents
2 System Componnents
2.1 Common Unit 2.2 Signal Processing Unit
Page11
TMU
Functions of TMU
Provide E1 connection interface Provide channel multiplexing and flexible networking modes Provide Man-machine interface (MMI) and operation & maintenance link
Provide centralized BTS clock Provide alarm signal input ports
Page12
Structure of TMU
External synchronous clock
BSC
BIU
DBUS
Extended BIU
MMI (manmachine Interface)
CBUS
OMU
Standby TMU
Environment monitors
EAC
MCK
Standby MCK
TDU
TBUS
Page13
Indictors on TMU
Indicator Name PWR RUN
PWR
Color Green Green
Meaning Power Running State E1 Transmission
Explanation On: Normal Off: Abnormal
Normal State On Flash
RUN LI1 LI2 LI3 LI4 M/S PLL
Flash(0.5Hz): Normal On or Off: Abnormal

On: Local Alarm Flash: Remote Alarm Off: Normal Slow flash(1HZ): Master Quick flash(2Hz): Slave On: Free oscillation Quick flash(4Hz): Catching Slow flash(1Hz): Locked Off: Abnormal
RST DBG
LI1,2,3,4
Green
Off
T2M FCK
M/S
Green
Master/Slave indication
Master Board: Slow flash Slave Board: Quick flash
T13M MMI
PLL
Green
Phase identification indicator
Slow flash
TMU
Page14
TDU
Functions of TDU
Provide clock channels in one synchronous cell Provide alarming channels Provide bus-control interfaces
Page15
Position of TDU
Page16
Cabinet-top Connectors
(1) Data bus interface (DCF1)

(3) 120 E1 interface (TME1)
(2) External alarm interface (EAC1 and EAC2)

(4) Built-in optical transmission E1 interface (TRA1, TRA2, TRB1, and TRB2)
(7) Data bus interface (DCF2)

(9) External synchronous clock interface (SYNC) (11) External power cable interface
(8) 75 E1 interface (TX and RX)

(10) Grounding cable interface for combined cabinet (SHELLGND) (12) Feeder input interface (ANT)
(5) Storage battery management signal cable interface (PWRC)
(6) Clock interface (CKB1 and CKB2)
(13) Cascading interface of CDU combined cabinet (CDU)
Page17
Power Supply
220VAC
When the supply input is 220VAC,the AC/DC

module is used.
-48VDC
When the supply input is -48VDC,the DC/DC module is used.
+24VDC
When the supply input is +24VDC,neither DC/DC nor AC/DC module is used.
Page18
Power Supply System

220VAC IN -48VDC IN EMI filter EMI filter Load Monitoring unit PMU AC/DC (DC/DC) module AC/DC (DC/DC) module AC/DC (DC/DC) module AC/DC (DC/DC) module
+ -
Anti-lightning Power distribution
+24VDC IN
+ -
EMI filter
26VDC OUT
DC contacter
Battery group Fuse
Page19
PSU Configuration
mode 24VDC -48VDC Capacity (TRX) 1 ~ 12 1~3 4~6 Boards (PSU) 0 2 3 Boards (PMU) 1 1 1 notes
7~9
10 ~ 12 220VAC 1~3
4
5 3
1
1 1 One PSU for backup
4~6
7~9 10 ~ 12
4
5 6
1
1 1
Page20
PMU
PMU structure
AC power supply
AC/DC
AC/DC
AC/DC
AC/DC
Load Fan
Power monitoring unit PMU
Fuse
Battery
Page21
FMU
Functions of FMU
Fan feeding Fan revolution speed control Alarm detection +24V power supply input interface
Page22
Contents
2 System Componnents
2.1 Common Unit 2.2 Signal Processing Unit
Page23
TRX
Functions of TRX
Baseband speech processing Um and Abis interface signaling processing Modulation and demodulation RF signal amplification
Page24
TRX Module Structure

DBUS CBUS Transmitter
FH_BUS
TDP SCP DSP CUI
PAU RCU
Receiver Diversity receiver
TBUS
Clock processing part

TBPU
TBPU:TRX Baseband signal Processing Unit SCP: Signaling Processing Unit RPU:RF signal Processing Unit CUI: Carrier Unit Interface DSP: Digital Signal Processing Unit
RPU
TDP: Transmitter Driver and PLL Unit

DBUS: Data Bus CBUS: Control Bus
PAU: Power Amplifier Unit

TBUS: Timing Bus
RCU: Receiving Unit
FH_BUS: Frequency Hopping Bus
Page25
Output Power of TRX

Normal: 40W(46dBm) or 60W(48dBm) PBU: 80W(49dBm) EDGE TRX: GMSK: 40W, 8PSK: 60W
Page26
Alarms of TRX
Over standing wave alarm
When the standing wave ratio at the power amplifier output port exceeds 1.5, it reports standing wave alarm to the baseband unit
Over-temperature alarm
When the temperature of the power amplifier exceeds 85, the power amplifier unit reports the over-temperature alarm via the baseband unit, and automatically turns off the power amplifier
Page27
Indicators on TRX
TX OUT
Indicator Name PWR
Color
Meaning
Explanation On: Normal Off: Abnormal Flash(0.5Hz): Normal On or Off: Abnormal
Normal State
PWR
Green
Power
On
RCP RDP FAIL
RCP
Green
SCP Running State
RST
Flash
RDP
Green
DSP Running State Alarm Indicator
Flash(0.5Hz): Normal
On or Off: Abnormal On: Alarm Off: No alarm
MMI
Flash
RXA IN
RXB IN
FAIL
Red
Off
TRX
Page28
CDU
Functions of CDU
Combine and filter transmitted signals Filter ,amplify and distribute received signals Provide power for the tower-top amplifier Alarm detection
Page29
CDU Structure
TX1 TX2 TX-COMB TX-DUP RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4 HL-out RX5 RX6 RX7 RX8 HL-in RXD-out Divider Combiner Duplexer TX/RX-ANT
Divider LNA
LNA
Filter
RXD-ANT
Page30
Indicators on CDU
Indicator Name POWER
Color
Green
Meaning
Power Standing wave ratio alarm Standing wave ratio alarm TTA current indication LNA current indication
Explanation
On: Normal Off: Abnormal On: VSWR is greater than 1.5 and less than 2.5 Off: Normal On: VSWR is greater than 2.5 Off: Normal On: TTA current out of range Off: Normal On: LNA current out of range Off: Normal
Normal State On
VSWR1
Yellow
Off
VSWR2
Red
Off
TTA
Red
Off
LNA
Red
Off
Page31
Rear Panel of CDU

Correspondence between knob setting and current strength of TTA
Setting 0 1 2 3
MAIN off 100 107 205
DIVERSE off 65 100 205
Unit
mA mA mA
Note: MAIN is recommended to be set at 1(100mA),and

DIVERSE to be set at 2(100mA).Other modes of setting are not recommended
MAIN: TTA power feeding selection knob of main receiving channel DIVERSE: TTA power feeding selection knob of diversity receiving channel FUSE :1.5A Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page32
Alarm Detection
VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) monitoring: CDU Monitors the status of antenna system. When the detected standing wave
ratio exceeds the preset threshold (1.5 or 2.5), CDU will generate
corresponding alarms
Low noise amplifier fault alarm: The signal is extracted from the power supply current of the low noise amplifier. When the current exceeds a certain level ,alarm signals are generated
Tower-top amplifier alarm: When there is a tower-top amplifier on service, the CDU monitors the status of tower-top amplifier by its
working current. If the current exceeds a certain level , alarm

signals are generated
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page33
EDU
EDU indicators are the same as those of CDU
TX1
Duplexer
TX/RX-ANT1
RX1 RX2
Divider
LNA
TX2
Duplexer
TX/RX-ANT2
RX3 RX4
Divider
LNA
Page34
SCU
Four carriers are combined and output through 3dB bridges and the
TX1
3dB Bridge TX2 3dB Bridge 3dB Bridge TX4
insertion loss is 6.8dB
TX3
Tx_Comb
Page35
Contents
Page36
Speech Processing
BSC-(TDU)-TMU-DBUS-TRX-CDU-ANT-MS
DBUS FH_BUS
BSC
BIU S C P OMU D S P
C U I
TDP
PAU RCU
C D U
CBUS
Clock process RPU
EAC
MCK
TDU
TBUS
TBPU
Page37
OML Processing
BSC-(TDU)-TMU-CBUS-TRX (or PMU,CDU)

DBUS
FH_BUS
BSC
BIU S C P OMU CBUS Clock process D S P C U I TDP PAU

C D U
RCU
RPU
EAC MCK TDU TBUS TBPU
Page38
RSL Processing
BSC-(TDU)-TMU-DBUS-TRX
DBUS
FH_BUS
BSC
BIU S C P OMU CBUS Clock process D S P C U I TDP PAU

C D U
RCU
RPU
EAC MCK TDU TBUS TBPU
Page39
Clock Processing
BSC (or External Clock) (TDU)-TMU-TDU-TBUS-TRX

DBUS FH_BUS
External synchronous clock
BSC
BIU S C P OMU CBUS Clock process RPU EAC MCK TDU TBUS TBPU D S P C U I TDP PAU
RCU
Page40
TBUS Connection
Clock bus connection in a synchronous cell
C D U C D U C D U
C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X C T T T T D R R R R U X X X X
P M
C D U C D U C D U
P T T M M M
C D U C D U C D U
P T M M
C D U C D U C D U
P M
PSU
PSU
PSU
PSU
U U U
U U
cabinet Basic Extension cabinet Basic cabinet group
Basiccabinet
Extension cabinet
Extension cabinet group

Page41
Cabinet Extension Cabling
Blue colored sockets installed with matching connectors are
for resistance termination
There are E1 cables between basic cabinet group and extension cabinet group
DCF1
CKB1 CKB2
DCF2
DCF1
CKB1 CKB2
DCF2
DCF1
CKB1 CKB2
DCF2
DCF1
CKB1 CKB2
DCF2
E1
External E1 Interface External E1 Interface
Extension Cabinet
Basic Cabinet
Basic Cabinet
Extension Cabinet
Basic Cabinet Group
Extension Cabinet Group
Page42
Contents
Page43
Antenna and Feeder System

Antenna Antenna stand Jumper between antenna and TTA TTA Lightening arrester Jumper between lightening arrester and cabinet
Feeder Jumper between TTA and feeder

C D U C D U
TDU SWITCH BOX FAN BOX
T T T T R R R R X X X X
BTS312 cabinet
AIR BOX
C D U
C D U
FAN BOX
C D U
C D U
T T TT U S UU
P P P P P PP U U U U U UU
AIR BOX
S S S S S S M ME E E
Page44
S1/1/1
TX
COMB
TX COMB
TX/RX ANT DUP (TX/RXA)
TX OUT
TX DUP
RX
1:4 RXA
HL OUT HL IN
RXB
RXD ANT 1:4

RXD OUT
(RXB)
Page45
S2/2/2
TX
TX OUT
COMB
TX COMB
TX/RX ANT DUP
(TX/RXA)
RXA RXB
TX DUP
RX
1:4
HL OUT
TX OUT
HL IN
RXD ANT 1:4 (RXB)
RXA
RXD OUT
RXB
Page46
S4/4/4 2CDU
Tx/RxM_ANT1 RxD Tx/RxM_ANT2 RxD
CDU_1
Duplexer Duplexer
CDU_2
Combiner
Distributor
Distributor
Combiner
Distributor
Distributor
Tx
TRx0
RxM RxD
Tx
TRx2
RxM RxD RxM RxD
Tx
TRx1
RxM RxD
Tx
TRx2
Page47
S4/4/4 SCU+CDU
TX
TX OUT RXA RXB
SCU
COMB
TX COMB
TX OUT
RXA RXB
TX
TX OUT RXA RXB

TX DUP
CDU
COMB
TX/RX ANT
DUP (TX/RXB)
TX COMB
RX
1:4
HL OUT HL IN
TX OUT RXA RXB
RXD ANT
1:4
(RXA)
RXD OUT
Page48
2CDU+SCU
Tx/RxM_ANT1 RxD Tx/RxM_ANT2 RxD
CDU_1
Duplexer Duplexer
CDU_2
SCU
Distributor
Combiner
Distributor
Distributor
Combiner
Distributor
Distributor
Distributor Distributor
Tx
TRx0
RxM RxD RxM RxD RxM RxD
RxM RxD
TRx3
Tx
Tx
TRx1
RxM RxD
RxM RxD
TRx4
Tx
Tx
TRx2
TRx5
Tx
Page49
Lightning Arrester
Feeder
Lightning Arrester is used to

prevent the equipment from being damaged by the lightening current inducted by the core line of the feeder
Jumper
Lightning Arrester
Page50
Types of Main Feeder
7/8 inch
Cable loss=0.043dB/m
5/4 inch
Cable loss=0.032dB/m
1/2 inch jumper
Cable loss=0.11dB/m Used between the antenna and the main feeder Between the antenna and the tower-top amplifier Between the cabinet and the lightning arrester
Page51
TTA (Optional)
The tower-top amplifier is installed close to the receiving antenna
It can be used to increase the receiving sensibility of the base station
Consisting of:
Simplex TTA Duplex TTA Triplex TTA
Page52
TTA (Optional)
simplex TTA
duplex TTA
triplex TTA
triplex TTA
TX filter BTS Bias Tee bypass antenna
RX filter Low noise amplifier DC
RX filter
Page53
Antenna Pattern
The antenna pattern describes the radiating abilities of antennas in all directions
360
Omni Antenna
120
90
65
Directional antenna
Page54
Polarization
Two main types of polarization
Vertical polarization Horizontal polarization
The types of antenna divided by polarization
Single polarized antenna
Vertical polarization for GSM One port for one feeder
Dual polarized antenna
+45 degree and -45 degree Two ports for two feeders
Page55
Summary

Functions and features of BTS BTS hardware structure Signal processing of BTS Antenna and feeder system
Page56
Thank you
www.huawei.com

BTS312

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GSM BTS312 Hardware Structure

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

BTS312 User Manual BTS3.0 User Manual

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

BTS MS BTS OMC

OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Features and Functions

Support various transmission modes and complex

e.g. SDH, E1, microwave, satellite etc. 1-minute fast startup

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Features and Functions

Support FR, HR, EFR and AMR

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Opt. fiber xDSL

Antenna Feeder Unit

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cabinet and Boards

TDU SWITCH BOX FAN BOX

TRX: Transceiver PMU: Power Monitoring Unit

AIR BOX C D C D U T R X FAN BOX T R X T R X T R X

TMU: Timing/Transmission &

TDU: Time Distribution Unit

TEU: Transmission Extension Unit

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Provide centralized BTS clock Provide alarm signal input ports

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MMI (manmachine Interface)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Color Green Green

Meaning Power Running State E1 Transmission

Explanation On: Normal Off: Abnormal

Normal State On Flash

RUN LI1 LI2 LI3 LI4 M/S PLL

Flash(0.5Hz): Normal On or Off: Abnormal

Master Board: Slow flash Slave Board: Quick flash

Phase identification indicator

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

(1) Data bus interface (DCF1)

(2) External alarm interface (EAC1 and EAC2)

(7) Data bus interface (DCF2)

(8) 75 E1 interface (TX and RX)

(5) Storage battery management signal cable interface (PWRC)

(6) Clock interface (CKB1 and CKB2)

(13) Cascading interface of CDU combined cabinet (CDU)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

When the supply input is 220VAC,the AC/DC

When the supply input is -48VDC,the DC/DC module is used.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Supply System

Anti-lightning Power distribution

Battery group Fuse

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power monitoring unit PMU

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.