Evolution to LTE-EPC Istehsan Abbas

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Agenda

Core definition

Releases for Core

Per release explanation

Path towards SAE/ LTE

IMS and LTE LTE Core description and detail of each

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Core Definition

CN includes physical entries realizing user location

management, network functions and service control eg;
MSC

HLR STP SMSC GSN etc

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Evolution towards LTE

R-99 R4 R5
GSM with GSN 64 kbps CS, 384 kbps PS Location services

Split architecture MMS Improved location services Basic IMS

IMS advancements IP transport in UTRAN HSDPA

R6
R7 R8

WLAN integration Multimedia broadcast HSUPA Improvements in IMS

MIMO smart antennas PCRF

Introduction of LTE EPC

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2.5G GSM networks (R99) 2G GSM networks (R96)

HLR AUC EIR
IN CAMEL

VLR BTS

PLMN

PSTN GMSC

BSC

VMSC GPRS IP backbone SGSN

DNS AAA DHCP

IP backbone

GGSN

With the Network upgrade consists to 2.5G network 2G GSM of IP Backbone is added for GPRS (SGSN/GGSN) CS/TDM MSCs IP Networkbased is alsobackbone required for DNS, AAA, DHCP facilities TDM/ATM
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3GPP R4 Networks
MSC Server VoIP network BTS BSC MGW HSS AUC EIR HLR GPRS IP backbone SGSN MGW IP backbone
IN CAMEL

PSTN

DNS AAA DHCP

GGSN

R4 Network involves Introduction of Split Architecture (MSS/MGW)

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3G R5/6/7/8, Ultimate Aim All IP

CSCF HSS

AS

PSTN NodeB RNC GPRS/VoIP IP backbone MGW

IP backhauling

DNS AAA DHCP

IP backbone

SGSN
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GGSN
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Benefits of Split architecture

Introduction of Split Architecture in Core NW

Core Network

MSCs will be upgraded to MSC Servers.

Introduction of MGWs
Distributed switching Saving of OPEX by saving LL Cost (No backhaul of voice to MSC-S)

Transport All IP

1 unified backbone for all networks MPLS for end to end QoS

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Migration R99 to IP Cores

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R5 overview

CS/ PS Integrated IP networks Both CS and PS passing through IP

Segregation at RNC (R5)

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LTE and onwards

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Initial release For 3G CS traffic Fallback was done LTE traffic all converged to EPC

Traffic segregation at eNB

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Path towards R8 and IMS over LTE

CS and PS terminating on EPC IMS based VoIP over LTE

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Summary of EVOLUTION

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Release overview

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Future Core networks

IMS LTE

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LTE

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Performance Goals for LTE

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Introduction
Demand of High bandwidth internet services like MMOG, mobile TV etc Latest generation of technology also referred to as 4G E-UTRAN (Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access NW) expected to improve:
End-user throughput

Sector capacity Reduce user place latency Full mobility, significantly improving the user experience.

End to End IP connectivity, enabling same QoS facility as that of IP Voice traffic mainly supported on VoIP
Enabling integration with other multimedia devices more easily.

Unlike HSPA (UMTS), 3GPP specified a new Packet core, EPC.

Facilitating with lesser number of nodes, improved redundancy and seamless handover to other wireless/
fixed line technologies. (a seamless mobility exp)

Aggressive performance requirements, depending on physical layer technology such

as OFDM, MIMO, smart antennas.
Allowing flexible spectrum deployment in existing or new freq spectrum Enabling existence with other 3GPP Radio access technologies (RATs)
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More interfaces
S101: Interface between MME and RNC for pre-registration and
hence faster inter-system handovers. (signaling message shared only). (two signaling i.e. 1- pre-registration and 2- HO signaling)
This way, we dont waste time for radio session initiation rather a simple radio
connection is done using the old radio session. (this process is referred to as preregistration)

S103: interface between SGW and PDSN (other 3gpp/ non 3GPP
technology) for forwarding the left over packets during the
handover process from LTE to other technologies. (mostly 3G)

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Roaming interface
S8: interface between SGW (visitor network) and P-GW (home
network) (concept almost the same as visitor SGSN connectivity with home GGSN once you are in the roaming network)

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EPS

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EPC

Main elements are:

MME SGW PGW ePDG PCRF
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Primary Difference between 3G and 4G Core

EPC is only packet switched

Voice is traveled over IP (i.e. on Packet network)

EPC is an all IP Setup

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MME functions

Bearer Control
Managing and storing UE contexts Distributing Paging messages to eNBs Security Control
Authentication Generating temporary identifiers to the UEs

Roaming
Tracking Area List management Idle Mode UE tracking and reachability Control and execution of paging Serving GW selection

Mobility Management
For inter 3GPP access networks For intra 3GPP access networks Idle State mobility control

Lawful interception
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Functions of S-GW
Terminates user interface towards E-UTRAN Packet routing and forwarding IDLE mode DL packet buffering

Local Mobility Anchor for inter eNB Handover Mobility anchoring for inter 3GPP mobility Transport level packet marking in UL/DL
E.g Diffserv Code point, based on the QCI

Accounting for inter-operator charging Event reporting (change of RAT etc.) to the PRCF Lawful interception

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PDN NW GW (PGW)

Interface for UE towards Packet world (similar to GGSN) A single UE may have multiple connections towards PGW
while accessing different PDNs

Functionalities of PGW are:

Policy enforcement Packet filtering for each user Charging support Lawful interception

Packet screening Anchor of mobility between 3GPP and non 3GPP NWs

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ePDG (evolved Packet data gateway)

For the access of a UE from itself to untrusted non-3GPP access.
S2b interface only.

Acts as a termination point for IPSEC from UE. (S2-b interface)

NOTE: S2a and S2c do not require ePDG, where S2a is towards the trusted Non-3GPP access (towards a proxy Mobile IP) and S2c can be trusted or untrusted access towards another client Mobile IP (and not proxy mobile IP)

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PCRF

Works on DIAMETER protocol Manages QoS aspects On Gx interface, Policies are defined. On Gy interface, Prepaid subscribers are charged

On Gz interface, Post-paid subscribers are charged

Gxx (which can be, Gxa towards IP-CAN or Gxc towards SGW) is purely for access to non 3GPP
technologies. (once roaming to them), triggered once S9 interface is under use (i.e. between Visitor PCRF and Home PCRF)

Rx interface is for AAA (accounting, authentication and authorization) of subscriber.

Conceptually this is the first step before the policies are dictated to any particular subscriber.

Sy interface is for the subscription information of the subscriber.

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HSS
Same as HLR for SGSN, extra features added. HLR/AuC in one node Repository for all subscriber/ service related features. Interfaced with MME over S6a
3GPP Rel10 compliant Seamless 3G-LTE mobility Vo LTE support Shared subs profile, context and state with ngHLR

Leverage HLR Proxy Mode to interwork with

Legacy HLRs Supports Idle-mode Signalling Reduction (ISP) Integrated LTE-EIR

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Thanks

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