Chapter 3

Chapter 3
Computer Software:
System software Operating System (OS) Utility Programming Language (PL) Interpreter
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8 1
Operating Systems
An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources
Start and shut down a computer Coordinate tasks Provide a user interface Manage programs Establish an Internet connection Control a network Manage memory
Configure devices
Monitor performance
Provide utilities
Pages 398 - 399
Automatically update
Administer security
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Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8
Operating Systems
Pages 398 399 Figure 8-1
Operating System Functions

The process of starting or restarting a computer is called booting
Cold boot Turning on a computer that has been powered off completely
Page 400 Figure 8-2
Warm boot Using the operating system to restart a computer

An operating system includes various shut down options
Sleep mode saves any open documents and programs to RAM, turns off all unneeded functions, and then places the computer in a lowpower state
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Sleep Mode below Chapter 8
Hibernate saves any open documents and programs to a hard disk before removing power from the computer
Page 402

A user interface controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and visual images
Pages 402 403 Figure 8-4 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8 6

The operating system determines the order in which tasks are processed
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Spooling below Chapter 8
Page 407 Figure 8-9

Operating systems typically provide a means to establish Internet connections
Page 408 Figure 8-10

Automatic update automatically provides updates to the program

Some operating systems A network are designed to work administrator uses the with a server on a server operating system network to: Add and remove users, A server operating computers, and other system organizes and devices coordinates how Install software and multiple users access administer network and share resources on security a network
Page 410 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8 10

Each user has a user account
A user name, or user ID, identifies a specific user A password is a private combination of characters associated with the user name
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Types of Operating Systems
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems

A stand-alone operating system is a complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device
Windows 7 UNIX
Page 412
Mac OS X Linux
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Windows 7 is Microsofts fastest, most efficient operating system to date and is available in multiple editions:
Windows 7 Starter Windows 7 Home Premium
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Windows 7 below Chapter 8
Windows 7 Ultimate
Windows 7 Professional
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Pages 413 - 414

Windows 7 provides programs such as:
Windows Firewall Windows DVD Maker
Windows Media Player
Desktop Gadget Gallery
Page 414
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Page 414 Figures 8-16 8-17
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The Macintosh operating system has set the standard for operating system ease of use Latest version is Mac OS X
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Mac OS X below Chapter 8
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UNIX is a multitasking operating system developed in the early 1970s
Linux is an open-source, popular, multitasking UNIXtype operating system

Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Linux below Chapter 8
Pages 416 417 Figures 8-20 8-21
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Server Operating Systems
Windows Server 2008 Solaris
UNIX
Linux
NetWare
Pages 417 - 418
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Server Operating Systems

Windows Server 2008 is an upgrade to Windows Server 2003
Part of the Windows Server 2008 family Multiple editions
Most editions include Hyper-V, a virtualization technology

Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing resources
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Virtualization below Chapter 8
Pages 417 - 418
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Embedded Operating Systems

An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chip on a mobile device or consumer electronic device
Windows Embedded CE
Windows Mobile
Google Android
Palm OS
iPhone OS
BlackBerry
Embedded Linux
Symbian OS
Pages 418 - 420
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Embedded Operating Systems
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click iPhone OS below Chapter 8 Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Blackberry below Chapter 8
Pages 419 421 Figures 8-22 8-26
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Utility Programs
A utility program is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks
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Utility Programs
A file manager is a utility that performs functions related to file management
Displaying a list of files Organizing files in folders Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files and folders Creating shortcuts
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Utility Programs
A search utility is a program that attempts to locate a file on your computer based on criteria you specify
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Utility Programs
An image viewer allows users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file An uninstaller removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files
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Utility Programs
A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes unnecessary files
Downloaded program files Temporary Internet files Deleted files Unused program files
Utility Programs
A disk defragmenter reorganizes the files and unused space on a computers hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster
Defragmenting
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Utility Programs
A backup utility allows users to copy files to another storage medium A restore utility reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form
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Utility Programs
A screen saver causes a A personal firewall display devices screen detects and protects a to show a moving image personal computer or blank screen if no from unauthorized activity occurs for a intrusions specified time
Page 425 Figures 8-34 8-35
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Utility Programs
A virus describes a potentially damaging computer program that affects a computer negatively
A worm copies A Trojan horse An antivirus itself hides within or program repeatedly in looks like a protects a memory or legitimate computer over a network program against viruses
Pages 425 - 426 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8 31
Utility Programs
Pages 425 426 Figures 8-36 8-37
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Utility Programs
Spyware is a program placed on a computer without the users knowledge that secretly collects information about the user A spyware remover detects and deletes spyware and other similar programs
Adware displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window

An adware remover is a program that detects and deletes adware
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Utility Programs
Filters are programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed
Web filters
Phishing filters
Pages 426 - 427
Anti-spam programs
Pop-up blockers
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Utility Programs
A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s)
Compressing files frees up room on the storage media Two types of compression
Lossy Lossless
Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files

Can be uncompressed
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click WinZip below Chapter 8
Page 427
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Utility Programs
A media player allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer
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Utility Programs
Disc burning software writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable optical disc
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 8, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Burning Discs below Chapter 8
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Utility Programs
A personal computer maintenance utility identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computers performance
Programming Languages
A computer program is a series of instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks
Created by a programmer using a programming language An interpreter converts and executes one code statement at a time
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Example of Programming Language
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Application software:
Document Development Worksheet Development & Graph Presentation Graphics Software Database Software Graphics and Multimedia Software
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Application Software
Application software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist with personal tasks
To make business activities more efficient
To assist with graphics and multimedia projects To support home, personal, and educational tasks
To facilitate communications
Page 142 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 3 42
Page 142 Figure 3-1
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Available in a variety of forms:
Packaged software Custom software Web application
Open source software
Shareware
Freeware
Public-domain software
Pages 142 143 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 3 44
Page 145 Figure 3-3
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Business Software
Business software is application software that assists people while performing business activities
Word Processing Spreadsheet Database Presentation
Note taking
Personal information manager
Business software for phones Document management
Business software suites Enterprise computing software

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Project management
Page 146
Accounting
Business Software
Word processing software allows users to create and manipulate documents Clip art is a collection of electronic drawings, photos, and other images
Page 147 Figure 3-5
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Business Software
Additional word processing features include
AutoCorrect AutoFormat Collaboration Columns Grammar Checker
Ink Input
Macros
Mail Merge
Reading Layout
Research
Search and Replace
Smart Tags
Tables
Templates
Thesaurus
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 3, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Word Processing Software below Chapter 3
Tracking Changes
Voice Recognition
Web Page Development

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Page 148 Figure 3-6
Business Software
Spreadsheet software allows users to organize data in rows and columns and perform calculations
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 3, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Spreadsheet Software below Chapter 3
Pages 150 - 151 Figure 3-8
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Business Software
Charting depicts data in a spreadsheet in graphical form
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Business Software
A database is a collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data
Database software allows users to create, access, and manage a database
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 3, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Database Software below Chapter 3
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Business Software
Presentation software allows users to create visual aids for presentations to communicate ideas, messages, and other information to a group
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 3, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Presentation Software below Chapter 3
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Business Software
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Business Software
Note taking software is application software that enables users to enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings, or sketches anywhere on a page
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Business Software
A software suite is a collection of individual programs available together as a unit A personal information manager (PIM) is application software that includes
Appointment calendar
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 3, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Microsoft Office below Chapter 3
Address book
Notepad
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Business Software
Scaled down versions of software are available to work with smart phones and other mobile devices
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Business Software
Project management software allows a user to plan, schedule, track, and analyze the events, resources, and costs of a project
Accounting software helps companies record and report their financial transactions Document management software provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching through documents by converting them into a format that can be viewed by any user
Pages 157 158 Figures 3-16 3-18
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Graphics and Multimedia Software
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Computer-aided design (CAD) software Desktop publishing software
Paint/Image editing software
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 3, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Graphics Software below Chapter 3
Pages 160 161 Figures 3-20 3-22

Professional photo editing software
Video and audio editing software Multimedia authoring software

Pages 162 163 Figures 3-23 3-25
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Web page authoring software helps users of all skill levels create Web pages that include multimedia and interactive content
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 3, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Web Page Authoring Software below Chapter 3
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Software for Home, Personal, and Educational Use
Personal finance software Legal software Tax preparation software

Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 3, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Tax Preparation Software below Chapter 3
Pages 166 167 Figures 3-28 3-30
Personal DTP software
Personal paint/image editing software

Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 3, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Desktop Publishing Software below Chapter 3
Personal photo editing software

Pages 167 169 Figures 3-31 3-33
Clip art/image gallery
Video and audio editing software

Home design/landscaping software
Pages 169 170 Figures 3-35 3-37
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Travel and mapping software Reference software
Educational software
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 3, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Game Software below Chapter 3
Entertainment software
Pages 170 171 Figures 3-38 3-41
Application Software for Communications
Web Browser
E-Mail
Instant Messaging
Chat Room
Text, Picture, Video Messaging
RSS Aggregator
Blogging
Newsgroup/Message Board
FTP
VoIP
Video Conferencing
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Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Pages 398 399 Figure 8-1

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Operating System Functions

Warm boot Using the operating system to restart a computer

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Operating System Functions

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Operating System Functions

Operating System Functions

Page 407 Figure 8-9

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Operating System Functions

Page 408 Figure 8-10

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Operating System Functions

Page 409 Figure 8-12

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Operating System Functions

Operating System Functions

Page 410 Figure 8-13

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Types of Operating Systems

Page 412 Figure 8-14

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

Pages 413 - 414

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

Windows Media Player

Desktop Gadget Gallery

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

Page 414 Figures 8-16 8-17

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

Page 415 Figure 8-19

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

Linux is an open-source, popular, multitasking UNIXtype operating system

Pages 416 417 Figures 8-20 8-21

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Server Operating Systems

Windows Server 2008 Solaris

Pages 417 - 418

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Server Operating Systems

Most editions include Hyper-V, a virtualization technology

Pages 417 - 418

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Embedded Operating Systems

Pages 418 - 420

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Embedded Operating Systems

Pages 419 421 Figures 8-22 8-26

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Page 421 Figure 8-27

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Page 422 Figure 8-29

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8

Page 423 Figure 8-30

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 8