PRESSURE MEASUREMENT IN SHOCK WAVE TUBE

Presentation by LALIT BENIWAL

WHAT ARE SHOCK WAVES ?

Shock waves are essentially non-linear

waves that propagate at supersonic speeds. In some sense a shock wave can also be visualized as a very sharp and thin wave front across which pressure, temperature, density, entropy and velocity of flow change abruptly. According to Zemplen quote A shock wave is a surface of discontinuity

Generating Shock Waves in the Laboratory

(a) Shock Tubes

(b) Using Micro-explosives

(c) Shock wave generation using a bull

whip

SHOCK WAVE HARDWARE

Shock wave tube

Air compressor
Pressure sensors

Signal conditioning unit

Data acquisition system Connecting cables and diaphragms

OVERVIEW OF SHOCK WAVE SYSTEM

Pressure Measurement
Absolute pressure

Gauge pressure
Differential pressure

Static and dynamic pressure

Static pressure: Static pressure is

uniform in all directions, so pressure measurements are independent of direction in an immovable (static) fluid. Dynamic pressure: This directional component of pressure in a moving (dynamic) fluid is called dynamic pressure.

Electronic pressure sensors

Piezoresistive Strain Gage

Capacitive
Magnetic

Piezoelectric
Optical Potentiometric Resonant

Piezoelectric sensors
Piezoelectric sensors rely on the

piezoelectric effect. More specifically, when a pressure is applied to a piezoelectric material, it causes a mechanical deformation and a displacement of charges. Those charges are highly proportional to the applied pressure [Piezoelectricity].

Piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity is defined as the ability of certain materials to generate electrical charge due to mechanical deformation.

Figure: Piezoelectricity of quartz

CONSTRUCTION OF PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS

Piezoelectric Sensor Characteristics

Well-suited for dynamic pressure

measurements. Integrated Circuit Piezoelectric (ICP) designs. ultra high-frequency response wide temperature range wide linear dynamic range rise times as fast as 0.2 s.

Kistler 211B5 PRESSURE SENSOR

Pressure Range (0-100)psi

Sensitivity nom. 50mV/psi

Resonant Frequency nom. 300 kHz Rise Time 2s Temperature Range Operating (4 mA

supply current) 65250 f Supply Current nom 4mA Power Supply: Constant Current 2-20 V

SIGNAL CONDITIONING
The signal conditioner provides the

constant current excitation required by low impedance, voltage mode sensors with built-in electronics or for high impedance sensors with an external impedance converter.

5118B2 POWER SUPPLY/COUPLER

AC, DC or battery powered
Sensor Supply Current 2mA Signal Voltage 5 V Selectable Gain (1x, 10x, 100x) Output Impedance max. 100

Temperature Range Operating ( 5 ...

125)f

Signal Conditioning unit

Specify: Sensor- Low impedance, voltage mode 1761B...Sensor cable, 10-32 pos. to BNC pos., specify length in meters 5118B2Power/supply coupler 1511...Output cable, BNC pos. to BNC pos., specify length in meters

DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM

DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM

TRANSDUCER

SIGNAL CONDITIONER
ADC AND DAC HIGH SPEED TIMERS RAM LOW IMPEDENCE USB CABLES APPLICATION SOFTWARE PERSONAL COMPUTER

THANK YOU