Industrial Training at NTPC Head Office Lodhi road

Project On Green Control And Instrumentation Submitted By:-

Diksha Sehgal
Meenu

BHARATI VIDYAPEETHS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,NEW DELHI

Green control and instrumentation refers to designing and controlling green electronics and machines. One such example is designing green machine and product that have minimum environmental effects throughout their lifecycle. Such type of machine will have follwing characteristics:Consumes less power(in operation and standby modes) Fully recyalable and no hazardeous waste.

This analysis compares human demand on nature with the environments ability to regenerate resources and provide services. It is a useful tool to educate people about carrying capacity, over consumption and also the inequalities of resource use on this planet.

The gases in the atmosphere which trap the radiations radiated from the earths surface and prevent them from escaping the atmosphere are known as Greenhouse Gases (GHG) These gases act as a blanket to the earth and and keep the earth warm Without these gases the temperature of the earth would be below 0oC and there would be no life on the earth.

Adverse effect of GHG on environment

As the amount of carbon content is increasing ,GHG are now becoming a threat to environment. This is because now carbon dioxide absorbed is not equal to carbon dioxide released in environment. Consequencies: Ozone layer depletion Change in seasons Melting of graciers Increase in temperature

IMPACT OF EXCESS GHGs

MELTING OF GLACIERS

INCREASING

SEA LEVEL

END RESULT

EFFECTS ON HUMAN
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It is the total set of greenhouse gase emissions caused by an event,organization,product. Greenhouse gases can be emitted through transport,land clearance,production and consumption of food,materials,road, buildings.

carbon emission of a country depends upon two factors:Population growth Economic growth

Until 200 years ago our atmosphere contained 275 parts per millon of carbon dioxide. this amount was useful to keep earth warm for habitation. Our planet has now reached 390 parts per millon.

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As per population concern, more number of people means more consumption and more consumption of resources means more carbon emission. An individual plays an important role in adding or removing the concentration of carbon dioxide from atmosphere.

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As the GHGs are shifting from friend to foe .So govt of different countries took necessary actions and created certain organizations. Intergovernmental panel on climate change(IPCC) A special international committee formed to take care of increase in levels of GHGs. United nations framework convention on climate change(UNFCCC) The IPCCs report forced the government to form a standardized treaty which influences each and every country to participate in reduction of GHG emissions voluntary.
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INTRODUCTION
Low emissions coal technologies refer to technologies that are designed to increase the energy efficiency and improve the environmental performance of burning coal to produce electricity. These technologies aim to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), and their associated environmental impacts, as well as reduce waste from the process in coal extraction, preparation and utilization.

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CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE TECHNOLOGY

Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage uses low emission coal technologies to efficiently burn coal and reduce the output of CO2 emissions, but then also separates out the CO2 and captures it before it is vented into the atmosphere. It is then transported to a suitable storage site and pumped into deep underground rock to be securely and. permanently stored away from the atmosphere To capture the CO2 it must be first be separated from other gases that result from combustion or processing. Three major options are available for the capture of carbon dioxide.

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Post-combustion capture

Post-combustion CO2 capture for power plants takes place after combustion of air and fuel to generate electricity, and immediately before the resulting exhaust gas enters the stack.
This process removes the CO2 from any industrial sources prior to combustion of fuel like coal, oil or gas to produce energy. In the pre-combustion process, fuel is first converted into synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide (CO).

Pre-combustion capture

Oxy-fuel combustion capture During combustion CO2 capture involves combustion of the coal with oxygen (nearly pure oxygen >95%) instead of air. A flue gas is produced consisting mainly of highly concentrated CO2 and water vapour. These two components of flue gas are easily separated through a cooling process.

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Capture Of Carbon dioxide

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What is green electronics ?? Electronic products and components that have minimum environmental effects throughout their lifecycle . No environmentally harmful materials used . Eco-efficient manufacturing process used . Consume less power (in operationand stand-by modes ). Fully recyclable, no hazardous waste produce .

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Electronics products that consume less energy LED lightning, low-power electronics. Portable devices. Non-toxic, eco-efficient products and manufacturing processes Printed (disposable) sensors, recyclability. Environmentally friendly electronics solutions Water taps with optical sensors, sensor technologies for monitoring industrial processes.

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FEW EXAMPLES
EARLIER ELECTRONICS GREEN ELECTRONICS

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EARLIER ELECTRONICS

GREEN ELECTRONICS

CRT monitors and desktop computers were used which consumes lot of electricity and energy usage. 90%of electronic goods and products are made of lead. Lead causes damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems, kidneys. These are hazardous and environmentally harmful materials

Manufacture electronic components ,computers and associated subsystems with minimal impact on environment . It produces electronic products that consumes less energy such as LED lightning. It produces non-toxic, eco-efficient products and manufacturing processes. The cost is low ,electronic components are flexible and user friendly.
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What is green power????

Green power is defined as the electric energy produced by renewable, more environmentally friendly sources.

How green power is generated?

Green power is generated with the help of renewable resources such as:1.Wind generation, using the energy from the wind to turn blades of wind turbines to produce electricity. 2.Hydro generation, using power that is derived from the force or energy of moving water to produce electricity .

3.Solar generation, using solar cells (photovoltaic cells) to convert the sun's rays into electricity. 4.Biomass and biogas, this involves using organic sources such as plant material or methane gas from rubbish tips ,poultry litter , to generate electricity.

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A control and instrumentation engineer (C&I engineer) is responsible for designing, developing, installing, managing and/or maintaining green equipment which is used to monitor and control engineering systems, machinery and processes. C&I engineers ensure that green systems and processes operate effectively, efficiently and safely. They usually work for the companies who manufacture and supply the equipment or for the companies who use it, such as nuclear and renewable energy companies and environmental agencies.

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Tasks and responsibilities to C&I Engineers:designing and developing new control systems. testing, maintaining and modifying existing system. analysing data and presenting findings in written reports. managing operations; working collaboratively with design engineers, operation engineers, purchasers and other internal staff; liaising with clients, suppliers, contractors and relevant authorities (e.g. the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority);

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Thank you

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