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Jagadish Nuchin
MD,MBA
Sickness-absenteeism in schools/working
June 10, 2009 8
Factors contributing to easy
and fast spread of the disease
Short incubation period
Large number of mild and
subclinical cases
High proportion of susceptible
population
Short duration of immunity
Absence of cross-immunity (sub-
type specific)
June 10, 2009 9
Influenza viruses
They are RNA viruses
Infect mammals and birds and cause
ARTI
The name influenza comes from the
Italian influenza, meaning "influence"
(Latin: influentia).
The word influenza was first used in
English in 1743
Virus was first discovered in pigs by
Richard Shope in 1931.
June 10, 2009 10
Morphology
Influenza viruses have a very similar
structure.
The core consists of RNA
The influenza viruses are classified
into A,B, and C serotypes based on
type of RNA (M1 and NP internal
antigens)
The envelope has an inner protein
layer and an outer lipid layer
June 10, 2009 11
Influenza viruses
Belong to Orthomyxoviridae family, which
comprises five genera:
Influenza virus A –Birds (mainly wild aquatic
birds) and mammals
Influenza virus B – exclusively humans and
rarely seals
Influenza virus C – man and pigs
Isa virus -infect salmon
Thogoto virus-infect vertebrates and
invertebrates, such as mosquitoes and sea lice.
Others
No risk of flu
June 10, 2009 60
Vaccines
Right now no vaccines for this new strain
WHO/CDC assured a vaccine in another 6-8
months now