LED Lighting

Technology Overview by Jagan

Lighting Facts
Lighting consumes 19% of all electricity in the world Approximately 2/3 of all lighting currently installed is based on older, less energy efficient technology developed before 1970 There is an ongoing revolution in lighting technology. Switching the older lighting to the latest technology brings huge savings in energy costs The pace of changeover to new lighting technologies is increasing

Key Issues Rising energy prices Global climate change Security of energy supply Economic growth
Energy efficient lighting

A History of Light Sources

~400,000 BC - Fire is discovered ~3000 BC - Oil lamps are open bowls with a spout to hold the wick. ~400 - The candle is invented 1809 - Electrical discharge lighting, using open-air arc between carbon rods 1841 - Frederick DeMoleyns patented incandescent lamp using filaments of platinum and carbon, protected by a vacuum 1880 - Thomas Edison receives U.S. patent #223,898 for the carbon filament incandescent lamp 1932 - Low pressure sodium lamps are first used commercially 1934 - The high-pressure mercury lamp is introduced 1938 - First commercial sale of the fluorescent lamp 1957 - The quartz halogen lamp (A.K.A. tungsten halogen lamp) is invented 1962 - First light emitting diode (LED) 1966 - Commercial introduction of the high pressure sodium lamp 1969 - A new form of metal halide lamp, the HMI lamp is introduced

What does an LED look like?

Visible Light

Heat

How do LEDs Make Light?

LEDs
Semiconductor diode (die)
Converts electrical energy to light Low radiant heat Color depends on die composition

Color and White light

LEDs emit single wavelength thus eliminating need for colored filters

Phosphor conversion most common

Blue LED combined w/ yellow phosphor High efficiency & lumens Lowest cost

Color mixing
Better color flexibility but complex system

Electromagnetic Spectrum
Visible Light occurs between ~400nm and ~740nm in the Light Spectrum

Creating White Light

White light

Yellow phosphor Blue LED

RGB (Red, Green, Blue)

White LED

Comparison To Traditional Sources

No filaments like incandescent lamps No electrodes like gas discharge lamps (HPS, MH, and Fluorescent). Devices are Robust, Vibration & Impact proof; very rugged and durable Instant On, Full Color, 100% Light; Cold Start Capable No Mercury in the Light Source Long Life Reduced Maintenance Costs

LED Cross Section

A Comparison Of Scale
LED Wafer

Earth

Up to 10 billion components 8 Inch diameter

6 Billion people 8000 Mile diameter

Lumens Per Watt Efficiency

Minimal optical losses coupled with improved electrical efficiencies allow an LED luminaire to deliver more effective lumens on task

Department of Energy Proj. (2008)

LED Efficiency Improvements Are Outpacing Projections And Expected For The Foreseeable Future

LED Light Output

LED Light Output

LED Lumen Output Varies With Luminaire Temperature Performance & Drive Current

LED Lifetimes
Lifetime also impacted by Heat and Current

Traditional vs LED Life Ratings

Rated Life - Traditional Testing Method
Mean time before failure for Incandescent, HID, Induction, Fluorescent, Other traditional sources Failure is catastrophic such as lamp or ballast burned out Sampling of fixtures are tested until failure Fixtures are rated at the time it takes for 50% of fixtures to fail

Economic Life
Refers to the useful life of a lamp Usually 60% - 80% of the rated life Takes into account lumen depreciation and color shift

Since 50% Lamp Failure Is Not Acceptable In Most Applications, Lamps Will Be Replaced At 60%-80% Of The Rated Life

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LED Lamp Life Testing

LED Testing Method
Catastrophic failure NOT considered. The LED will continue to operate at 60K hours. Failure is based upon L70 value at which lumen maintenance drops below 70% Lumen depreciation in LEDs varies depending on package and system design. The primary cause of lumen depreciation is heat generated at the LED junction.

LED Luminaires Also Consider Driver Performance So Rated Life = Economic LIfe

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What is Binning?

LEDs Are Seperated Into Bins Of Similar Lumen Output & Color Temperature To Ensure Consistency Between LEDs

Color Temperature

Warm White LED 3000k CCT CRI 82

HPS 2000k CCT CRI 22

Cool White LED 5600k CCT CRI 65

Different Color Temperatures For Cool White or Warm White LEDs

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Light Control
HID
vs.
90

LED Chip Lens

70 0 70 of Light Escapes Unaimed 0 100% Aimable Light

190W 0

11,000 lms

155W 0

9,500 lms

Point-By-Point (20 MH, 80 Spacing) Ave Max 1.6 Min 4.3 Max/Min 0.35 12.3

Point-By-Point (20 MH, 80 Spacing) Ave Max 1.8 Min 3.6 Max/Min 0.47 7.7

Patent Pending Cooper AccuLEDTM Optics Provide Superior Light Control

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HID LED Equivalency

HID
vs.

250W PSMH ~70% optic eff.

22,000 lms 15,400 lms

6 LightBARS All ready included Street Side (76%) 0.91 LLF

11,000 lms 11,000 lms 8,360 lms 7,608 lms

Street Side (65%) 10,010 lms 0.7 LLF 7,007 lms

Cooper LED Products Provide Equal Task Lumens While Saving 30-75% Energy.

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Lighting Definitions
Color temperature (CCT)
The overall color appearance of a light source Measured in degrees Kelvin

Color Rendering (CRI)

The ability of a light source to represent colors in objects Based on a scale of 0 to 100 The higher the number the more vibrant the color

These Are Independent Measurements!

Sodium Lamps Have Warm Color Temperature But Low CRI LEDs Can be Cool or Warm, with Warm LEDs Having Higher CRIs (70+)
Two Main Factors in Measuring Color Quality & Appearance
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Lighting Definitions
Efficacy lm/watt
Ratio of total light output (lumens) to input watts

Luminaire Efficacy
Fixture lm/watt including optics, thermal , driver losses

Luminous Flux
Visible light output within a solid angle lumens, lm

Lumen Maintenance
The ability to retain light output over a specified period of time. Most LED packages rated at 70% lumen maintenance at 60K hours (L70) 60% lumen maintenance at 4K hours (175W MH)

For general lighting it is typical to design around maintained illumination (mean) levels

Fundamentals
Inverse Square Law

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ILLUMINANCE = INTENSITY/ (DISTANCE)2

E= I / d2

E= I / (2d)2 E= I / (3d)2

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Light Source Comparison

Light Type
Incandescent Halogen T12 fluorescent Metal halide

Data Sheet lm/W

17 20 60 70

Usable* lm/W
10-17 12-20 45-50 <40

Lifetime (hrs)
3k 10k 20k 5k-15k

T8 fluorescent
Best-in-Class Power LED High-pressure sodium T5 fluorescent Low-pressure sodium

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135 91 107 120

55-60
60-80 <50 96 65-70

20k
> 60k 20-24k 20k 18k

* Usable lm/w Based on Delivered Lumens

Fixture Losses Lead to Much Lower Efficient System vs Advertised Lamp Efficiency in Traditional HID Fixtures
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Conclusions
Key issues Rising energy prices Global climate change
Value proposition = Energy efficient lighting

Security of energy supply

Economic growth

Energy efficient Lighting

New lighting technology exists now, and current adoption rate is accelerating Technology offers a unique Triple Win
Users / tax payers save costs & have better light quality The environment benefits from lower energy/CO2 emissions Business / country competitiveness is strengthened

Legislation plays a crucial role in realizing lighting's savings potential

Energy efficient Lighting is a public and private opportunity for all Countries and will equally benefit its population as well as its future competitiveness

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Parking Lot Before and After

400W Metal Halide (3000K, 65 CRI)

309W LED (4000K, 70 CRI)

Environmental Stewardship:
LEDs Save 30-75% Energy
50,000+ hour life is 6X Metal Halide, 3X HPS at 70% lumen maintenance Scalable platforms- use only whats required to meet project requirements Extend Maintenance Cycles No Mercury or Lead Content (RoHS compliant) Reduce CO2 Emissions Upgradable Light Engines 100% Recyclable at End of Life

Scalable Green Technology Reduces Environmental Impact

Scalable Illumination
Patented AccuLED Optics
Renders 100% of the specified distributionPatent Pending LightBAR
21 AccuLED Optics per LightBAR Renders 100% of the distribution

Luminaire
Multiply bar count up or down to meet energy and photometric requirements Scaling capability reduces environmental impactUse only what you need

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Crouse-Hinds
LED Luminaire Offering

Robust Portfolio Of LED Luminaires

EVLL LED EV LED FMV LED VMV LED V2L LED PVM, PFM, P2L

Class I, Div. 1
General high bay, low bay illumination

Class I, Div. 1
Targeted illumination & low heights

Class I, Div. 2
Outdoor / Indoor flood illumination

Class I, Div. 2
General high bay, low bay illumination

Class I, Div. 2
Targeted illumination & low heights

Industrial

All Applications

Replaces 150-400W HID

Replaces 100-200W Inc 70-100W HID

Replaces 100-400W HID

Replaces 70-400W HID

Replaces 100-200W Inc 50W HID

Same as FMV, VMV, and V2L

LED Luminaires For Industrial & Hazardous Applications

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Pro Series Industrial LED Luminaires

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Champ LED Luminaires

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Zone 2 LED

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Champ LED Floodlight

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nFMV LED Flood Zone 2

nFMV Champ LED Flood for Zone 2 and 22

- High-Power LED modules with about 9.000 lm light output for the 11L - Due to higher system efficiency a 250 W HID flood can be replaced - Up to 50% energy savings - With a comparable light distribution curve

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nFMV Champ LED Flood

- Easy Installation via standard mounting accessories - Appr. 50% energy savings - 60,000 h rated life time - Amb. temp. range -40C bis +55C - Ingress protection IP 66 - 100-277 V AC / 108-250 V DC

Type 5L 7L 9L 11L

Input power (nom) 66 W 96 W 130 W 193 W

Traditional HID Equivalent 100 W-150 W 150 W-175 W 175 W - 250 W 250 W
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eLLK92 LED
What has changed? To optimize light output each string has now 15 LED instead of 13, maintaining same power consumption

eLLK 92 Fluorescent lamp 2,5 m

eLLK92 LED 400

2,5 m

Imax

395 cd

Imax

487 cd

Emax Eavg

63 lx 42 lx

Emax Eavg

77 lx 44 lx

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eLLK92 LED
Primary Applications
Indoor or outdoor areas and retrofit existing fluorescent fixtures eLLK92

ATEX/IEC Jan, 2013 in progress NEC Q2 2013

Luminaire Models
Models Equivalent Light Output Energy Savings

eLLK LED 400 eLLK LED 800

2X18W Fluorescent 2X36W Fluorescent

Upto 20%

Certification and Compliances

Ex II 2 G Ex de mb IIC T4 Gb Ex II 2 D Ex tb IIIC T80 C Db IP66 BVS 09 ATEX E 034 Ex de mb IIC T4 Gb/ Ex tb IIIC T80 C Db IECEx BVS 09.0033

Design Features
A. Illuminance equivalent to related fluorescent tubes at measurement plane B. Non metallic design - Glass fibre reinforced polyester construction C. Retrofits to existing ELLK / NLLK fixtures with existing EVG09 ballast or as a complete unit
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Electrical Ratings
Voltages:110-254VAC, 110-250VDC, 50/60 Hz Input Power: 2X13W, 2X26W

Vaporgard LED Pendant

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N2LPS LED Light-Pak

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Hazard-Gard EVLL Series

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Zone 1 LED

Zone 1 LED

Zone 1 LED
LPL Pendant The standard 6000K cool white LED pendant has 5 Watt level options: 40% energy saving compare to MH lighting: 60W = 70W / 100W MH 85W = 150W MH 100W = 175W MH 125W = 175W - 250W MH 150W = 250W MH

Zone 1 LED
LPL Pendant The standard 6000K cool white LED pendant has 5 Watt level options: 40% energy saving compare to MH lighting: 60W = 70W / 100W MH 85W = 150W MH 100W = 175W MH 125W = 175W - 250W MH 150W = 250W MH

Zone 1 LED
LPL06-C60-150W

150W, 120 angle, central 2400Cd

Metal Halide High bay

250W, 120 angle, central 2280Cd

Zone 1 LED
LPL06-C60-150W

150W, 120 angle, central 2400Cd

Metal Halide High bay

250W, 120 angle, central 2280Cd

Zone 1 LED
LPL06-C60-150W

150W, 120 angle, central 2400Cd

Metal Halide High bay

250W, 120 angle, central 2280Cd

Hazard-Gard EV LED Series

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COMING IN AUGUST

LL48 Linear LED

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COMING IN AUGUST

LL48 Linear LED

LL48 Linear LED

LUMEN OUTPUTS @55 DEG

LED Family Specifications Product Family Champ VMV/PVM Sub Family Model VMV/PVM 3L VMV/PVM 5L VMV/PVM 7L VMV/PVM 9L VMV/PVM 11L FMV/PFM 5L FMV/PFM 7L FMV/PFM 9L FMV/PFM 11L FMV/PFM 13L V2LC/P2LC EVLL 5L EVLL 7L EVLL 9L EVLL 11L EVLL 13L C201 C701 A201 C201/DC LL48-60W-765/F LL48-60W-765/C FM1 BO1 T2 FM1 BO1 5MQ FM1 BO2 T2 FM1 BO2 5MQ TX2LW/120/240 Lumens 3,748 4,654 6,267 7,085 8,880 4,386 6,720 8,478 10,420 12,940 1,633 5,625 6,750 9,000 10,500 13,500 1,670 2,248 1,195 1,493 3,716 4,380 2,304 2,382 4,571 4,726 3,267 Wattage 46 60 78 94 134 64 89 121 149 179 22 80 100 130 151 175 30 36 36 26 56 56 27 27 51 51 46 Efficacy (Lm/W) 81 78 80 75 66 68 75 70 70 72 74 70 68 69 70 77 56 62 33 57 66 78 85 88 90 93 71
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Champ FMV/PFM

VaporGard HazardGard

EVLED

Linear LED LL48

Endure LED

LED Task Light

PFM25L LED Floodlight Overview

Primary Applications
All industrial lighting applications such as marine, mining, warehouses, production facilities, and outdoor locations

Certification and Compliances

UL1598 UL1598A cUL NEMA 4X IP66 UL approved up to 55C Voltages: 100-277 VAC 50/60 Hz 277-480 VAC 50/60 Hz

Model
PFM25L

Light Output
26,240 Lumens

Electrical Ratings
Design Features
A. B. C. D. Customized heat sinks NEMA 7x6 light pattern Yoke mount Long life LEDs eliminate maintenance cost

PFM25L LED Floodlight Key Features

Market Applications
Locations which require continuous and consistent light levels at all times

Where corrosive, wet, dusty conditions exist

High mounting height locations Areas requiring frequent switching on-and-off Areas that are difficult to re-lamp or that cause production downtime due to high vibration Marine, wet locations, and hose-down environments

Robust Design for Marine, Mining, Ports, Production Facilities, and Heavy Industrial Locations

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Check list 1.White LED? 2.What the driver used? 3. Optimal current of the driver? 4. Which manufacturers LEDs are being used? 5. How many LEDs can be driven in one driver? 6. Whats the casing, ambient, board & junction temperatures of the LEDs 7.Lumens per watt @ 55 Deg Ambient?

Sources: LED Technology 101 Cooper Lighting Solid State Lighting for Industrial Locations Cooper Crouse-Hinds LED Technology Training Cooper Crouse-Hinds

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