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Matthew Rockloff
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The paired t-test will show whether the differences observed in the 2 measures will be found reliably in repeated samples.
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Example 4.1
In this example, we will look at the throwing distance for junior varsity javelin toss (in meters). Five players are selected at random from the entire league. We are interested in the following research question: Do players improve on their distance between the pre and post season? The average throwing distance, in both pre and post season, is recorded in columns 1 and 2 (see next slide) for each of 5 people (P1-P5):
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X1 :
Pre-season
X2 :
Post-season
( 1 1 ) 2 ( 2 2 ) 2
1
0 0 0 1
P1:
P2: P3: P4: P5:
1
2 2 2 3
2
4.5 3 4.5 6
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0.25 1 0.25 4
1 2
2 4
2 sx
2 ( )
0.4
1.9
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If we selected another 5 players at random from the league, would we still see an improvement? Without having to go through the trouble and expense of repeated sampling (called replication), we can estimate whether the difference in the 2 means is so large in magnitude that we would likely find the same result if we chose another 5 persons.
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1 2 S S 2rx1x2 S x1 S x2
2 x1 2 x2
, df = n-1
n 1
Another section will illustrate how to compute a correlation. This computation is somewhat long, so well avoid it for now. Ill just tell you the correlation is:
rx1x2=0.9177.
Any scientific or statistical calculator can get you this answer.
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Throwing distances increased significantly from the pre-season (M = 2) to the post-season (M = 4), t(4) = 4.78, p < .01 (one-tailed).
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Matthew Rockloff
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