5.

1 MITOSIS
The Cell Cycle

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

a)Describe the process of mitosis

What is mitosis?

The nuclear division

Produced two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Each daughter cell contains the same genetic materials as the parent cell.

Each daughter cell contains the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Chromosome???
A thread-like structure composed of chromatin. Carries genes in a linear sequences Determines the characteristics of an organism.

2. Cell preparing to divide

Stage for the cell to grow larger and prepare for the cell division.
Nucleus is big and well-defined. The chromosomes in the nucleus shorten , thicken.

3.
Chromosomes double but remain attached at the centromere
REPLICATION of chromosome occur

4.
Chromosomes line up across the

of the cell

centre

5.

Choromosome split Choromosome move to the ends of the cell

6.

Tw0 daughter cell are formed

Chromosomes are not condensed and appear as thread-loke structure called chromatin

Synthesis of materials and organells

G1
High metabolic rate

S (DNA Synthesis)
The DNA in the nucleus undergoes replication. (DNA Synthesis)

Each duplicated chromosomes now consists of two identical sister chromatids which contains identical copies of the chromosomes of the DNA molecules

Cell cycle?? Cytokinesis??

Accumulate s energy The cell continues to grow

G2
Completes its final preparations for the next stage of cell division

Metabolically active

The chromosomes condensed and become more tightly coiled. The chromosomes shorter and thicker. Each chromosomes consists of a pair of chromatids joined together at the centromere. The spindle fiber begins to form in the cytoplasm. Nucleolus disappears. Nuclear membrane disintegrates.

Metaphase
Centromeres of all the chromosomes are lined up on the metaphase plate. Mitotic spindle are fully formed. Metaphase ends when the centromeres divide.

Anaphase
The two sisters chromatids separates at the centromere. The sister chromatids are pulled apart to the opposite poles by the shortening of the spindle fibers. The two poles of the cell have complete. Equivalent sets of chromosomes achieved.

Telophase
Begins when the two sets of chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell. The chromosomes uncoiled. The spindle fibers disappears. Nuclear membrane forms around each sets of chromosomes. The nucleolus re-forms in each nucleus.

Cytokinesis
Animal cell cleavage furrow Plant cell cell plate Function: to separate the two poles into two daughter cells.

The importance of controlled mitosis

Cells undergoes division to form new cells. Cells must divide in a controlled and orderly manner. The cells must precise in distributing an exact copy of each chromosomes to the new cells. WHY???
Necessary for the proper functioning of organism. To ensure the normal growth, development and maintenance of the animals or plants.

Uncontrolled mitosis in the living things

What happened when cell failed to divide? What happened when the cell divide at wrong time or divide uncontrollably?? Cancerous cell will produced

Cancerous Cell??
Genetic disease Causes by the uncontrolled mitosis The tumors can invade and destroyed the neighboring cells

A cancerous cell divides uncontrolled to form a tumor

The cancerous cell competes with the normal cell to obtain energy for growth

Cancerous cell divide freely and uncontrollably