EAP Overview

(Extensible Authentication Protocol)

Team Golmaal: Vaibhav Sharma Vineet Banga Manender Verma Lovejit Sandhu Abizar Attar

Contents:
Introduction Architecture Features

Implementations
Cisco LEAP EAP-TLS EAP-MD5 PEAP Other Subtypes

Comparison Chart
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Introduction
What is EAP?
Defined by RFC 2284 and 3748 Universal Authentication Framework Mainly used in Wireless Networks and Point to point connections
A flexible protocol used to carry arbitrary authentication information. Typically rides on top of another protocol such as 802.1x or RADIUS
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EAP Architecture

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EAP Features
Provides some common functions and a negotiation of the desired authentication mechanism called methods. Currently there are about 40 different methods Methods defined in IETF RFCs include
EAP-MD5 EAP-OTP EAP-GTC EAP-TLS EAP-IKEv2 and in addition a number of vendor specific methods and new proposals exist

Commonly used modern methods capable of operating in wireless networks include EAP-TLS, EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA, PEAP, LEAP and EAP-TTLS

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Cisco LEAP
Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol also known as Cisco-Wireless EAP Proprietary wireless LAN authentication method developed by Cisco Systems. Provides username/password-based authentication between a wireless client and a RADIUS server like Cisco ACS or Interlink AAA Among a few protocols used with the IEEE 802.1X standard for LAN port access control.
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Architecture of LEAP
Client

ACS Server

Access Point

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LEAP Process

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Limitations of LEAP
Uses a modified authentication protocol version of MS-CHAP in which user credentials are not strongly protected. Can be susceptible to eavesdropping. For more robust implementations use of cryptography is necessary for securing user credentials

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ASLEAP

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Ciscos Response to Limitation of LEAP

Suggests that network administrators to have either of the two reactive techniques:
Force users to have stronger, more complicated passwords Switch to alternative protocol developed by Cisco (EAP-FAST) for more security.

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EAP TLS
An Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard (RFC 2716) that is based on the TLS protocol (RFC 2246) Considered extension to SSL Uses digital certificates for both user and server authentication It uses PKI to secure communication to the RADIUS authentication server EAP-TLS is the original standard wireless LAN EAP authentication protocol Supported my all operating systems and network appliances.

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EAP Authentication Process in wireless network

EAP-TTLS (Extension of EAP-TLS)

Extends EAP-TLS Securely tunnels Client authentication within TLS records TTLS requires only server-side certificates but in EAP TLS more certificates are used These certificates are used for one-way TLS authentication (network to user), and once you have a nice, safe, encrypted and integrity-checked channel, you can use EAP inside of the TLS tunnel for any other authentication

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PEAP
PEAP is an IETF draft RFC authored by Cisco Systems, Microsoft, and RSA Security A method to securely transmit authentication information, including passwords, over wired or wireless networks Uses a digital certificate only for server authentication Very similar to TTLS! A TLS tunnel is established, and another EAP session takes place inside For user authentication, PEAP supports various EAP-encapsulated methods within a protected TLS tunnel PEAP sub-types - PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 - PEAPv1/EAP-GTC

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PEAP authentication process

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EAP MD5
One of the most simple EAP types that can be used. Uses MD5 hashing. EAP-MD5 offers no key management or dynamic key generation, requiring the use of static WEP keys Okay for wired LANs, offers minimal security in wireless

Vulnerable to dictionary attacks, and does not support mutual authentication or key generation Unsuitable with dynamic WEP, or WPA/WPA2 enterprise

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Other EAP Subtypes

EAP-PSK: pure symmetric-key EAP EAP-IKEv2: EAP authentication method based on the Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2 (IKEv2) EAP-FAST: Flexible Authentication via Secure Tunneling (it is a proposal by Cisco Systems to fix the weaknesses of LEAP) EAP-SIM: Used for authentication and session key distribution using the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) EAP-AKA: It is for UMTS Authentication and Key Agreement is used for authentication and session key distribution using the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)

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Comparison Chart
EAP-MD5 LEAP EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS PEAP

Server Authentication

None

Password Hash

Public Key (Certificat e) Public Key (Certificate or Smart Card) Yes

Public Key (Certificat e) CHAP, PAP, MSCHAP(v2), EAP Yes

Public Key (Certificat e) Any EAP, like EAP-MSCHAPv2 or Public Key Yes

Supplicant Authentication

Password Hash

Password Hash

Dynamic Key Delivery

No

Yes

Security Risks

Identity exposed, Dictionary attack, Man-inthe-Middle (MitM) attack, Session hijacking

Identity exposed, Dictionary attack

Identity exposed

MitM attack

MitM attack; Identity hidden in Phase 2 but potential exposure in Phase 1

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References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Authentication_Protocol http://www.wifiplanet.com/tutorials/article.php/3075481 http://wireless.utk.edu/documentation/papers/802.1x-chris.pdf http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns339/ns395/ns176/ns178/ne tworking_solutions_white_paper09186a008009c8b3.shtml http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142, sid7_gci843996,00.html http://asleap.sourceforge.net
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