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Fan Definition
What is a fan? Defined by ASHRAE A fan is an air pump that creates a pressure difference and causes airflow. The impeller does work on the air, imparting to it both static and kinetic energy, which vary in proportion, depending on the fan type.
2000 ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook Chapter 18
Fans
A fan is a constant volume machine. For a fixed speed, the fan will move the same volume of gas irregardless of gas density.
Fans
Most manufacturers rate the fan based upon tests conducted using AMCA 210. Testing uses ideal configurations (i.e straight duct runs, 10 duct diameters, no obstructions, etc.).
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Fan Curves
Graphical depiction of pressure-volume performance of given fan size and speed operating at various points from shutoff to free delivery. Graph may also include power, efficiency, system, and stall curves.
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STP - standard temperature (70 F) and pressure (29.92 in Hg) with gas density of 0.075 lb/ft3.
Fan Testing
Fan Laws
Fan Laws
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Fan Laws
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Types of Fan
Two basic types of fan are:
Centrifugal - rotating impeller to increase velocity of an airstream. Axial - air is pressurized by the aerodynamic lift of the fan blade.
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Centrifugal - Airfoil
Blade curves away from direction of rotation Highest efficiency Relatively low noise High structural strength Power reaches max near peak efficiency, then reduces twoards free delivery (self-limiting). For given duty, has highest speed of centrifugal design
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Centrifugal - Radial
Rugged blade design, self-cleaning Lowest efficiency centrifugal Used for material handling due to blade strength Moderate to high pressure industrial applications Power rises continually to free delivery (overloading).
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Propeller
Tubeaxial
Vaneaxial
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Outlet -
vanes take rotational pattern from blades and redirects it to an axial flow, converting some rotational velocity into static pressure.
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AMCA Class
Definition AMCA 99 An established minimum performance level for fan aerodynamic performance in terms of pressure and airflow rate. Simply put in general terms - the higher the Class, the greater mechanical strength (and price).
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Gaps/Clearances
Ensure gaps and clearances set per Vendor Manual
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Recognition
Following references were used in the generation of this presentation for technical or pictorial support: CML Northern Blower Fanfacts (1991) Improving Fan System Performance: A Sourcebook for Industry - DOE/AMCA (2003) Engineering Papers - Moore Fans
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Recognition (continued)
CML Northern Blower Fanfacts (1991) Fan Handbook: Selection, Application, and Design - Frank P. Bleier (1997) ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook Chapter 18, Fans (2000) AMCA Fan Application Manual, Publications 200-98 & 201-2002 AMCA Standards Handbook Publication 99
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Recognition (continued)
Fan Engineering, 9th Edition - Howden Buffalo Value in the Air: Why Direct Drive Backward Curved Plenum Fans? - AAON
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http://www.moorefans.com/ http://www.aaon.com/literature.aspx?id=1 http://www.chicagoblower.com/service/default.asp http://www.cincinnatifan.com/catalogs/EngData-203-internet.pdf http://www.northernblower.com/download/fanfacts.pdf http://www.nyb.com/eng_letters.asp http://www.greenheck.com/library/articles?c=2 http://www.hartzellfan.com/lib_pdf/Bulletin%20A-108-N.pdf http://www.tcf.com/TCFBlower/literature.asp http://www.howden.com/en/Library/HowThingsWork/ http://www.lorencook.com/PDFs/cookbook.pdf
For some history of fans, see the following: Benjamin Franklin Sturtevant
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