The study of the interacting populations that occupy the same area at the same time.

Factors affecting Communities:

Competition Limiting Factors Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms.

Range of Tolerance The upper and lower limits that define the conditions in which an organism can survive.

http://www.krisweb.com/stream/sullivan_growth.gif

The change in an ecosystem when one community replaces another as a result of changing biotic and abiotic factors.

Primary Succession
Secondary Succession

http://www.sciencebitz.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/primary-success.jpg

http://www.howard.k12.md.us/science/webquests/Biologyecology/IMAGES/ecosuccesion.jpg

Ecosystems defined by similar climates, communities, and geography. Examples include

Tundra

Boreal Forest (Taiga, Northern Coniferous Forest)

Temperate Forest Temperate Woodland/Shrublands (Chaparral) Temperate Grasslands

Savanna
Desert Tropical Rain Forests(C

Stretches across North America, Europe, and Siberia, just south of the Polar Ice caps. Treeless Characterized by permafrost

http://biologyprojectwiki.wikispaces.com/file/view/tundra_location.jpg/107421383/tundra_location.jpg

http://www.heritage.nf.ca/environment/images/tundra.jpg

Also referred to as Taiga or Northern Coniferous Forest Broad evergreen forests extending across North America, Europe, and Asia.

http://www.ri.net/schools/West_Warwick/manateeproject/Taiga/images/locationmap.gif

http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/ANWR/taiga.jpg

Also called temperate deciduous forest Stretches across much of Southeastern Canada, Eastern US, and parts of Asia and Australia.

http://www.s-cool.co.uk/assets/learn_its/alevel/geography/ecosystems/ecosystemproductivity/2007-10-15_114646.gif

http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gallery/21/Temperate-Deciduous-Forests_965.jpg

Also known as Chaparral Mixed scrub community with lower rainfall than deciduous forests. West Coast of North and South America, Mediterranean coast, etc.

http://www.cotf.edu/ete/images/modules/k4/biomes/Boverview7P1.gif

http://www.dailyventure.com/400x300/AngelesCrest_chaparral.jpg

Characterized by fertile soil and thick cover of grasses. Also called steppes, prairies, and velds. Worldwide

http://grasslands.org.za/assets/content_images/Image/Grasslands__SANBI_.JPG

Characterized by very low levels of precipitation Worldwide

http://www.biology.ed.ac.uk/research/groups/jdeacon/desbiome/creosot3.jpg

Characterized by grasses and scattered trees Lower precipitation levels than grasslands Africa, South America, Australia

http://edu.glogster.com/media/2/11/47/83/11478364.jpg

Characterized by warm temperatures and high amounts of precipitation. Found in equatorial regions world wide.

http://www.kbears.com/climates/rainforest.jpg

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