Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
There are three basic configurations used to connect computers they are the Bus Ring Star
Bus topology
This type of network was widely used in the 1980s In this configuration every computer (node) shares the networks total bus capacities. In this configuration adding more computers will reduce the access speed on the network. Each computer communicates to other computers on the network independently this is referred to as PEER-TO-PEER networking
How it worked
The type of wires used for Bus Networks in the 80s were called Thicknet and Thinnet A Thicknet cable (very large about 1 inch in diameter usually yellow was hung around a room) Thinnet cables were connected to the PCs NIC and a Transceiver. The Transceiver was tapped into the Thicknet cable To stop the message from bouncing back and forward down the wire (known as signal bounce) both ends of the network are terminated with 50 resistors
Problems
One of the main problems with this type of network is that it is not very fault tolerant, a break or defect in the bus would affect the whole network
Ring Topology
In Ring topology each node is connected to the two nearest nodes so the entire network forms a circle Data only travels in one direction on a Ring network
How it Works
As it is better to have computers take turns using the connecting Data cable, Ring topologies incorporated a system called Token passing In this topology, to transmit on the wire your computer must have control of the token or wait for the token to be free Larger Token Ring networks use multiple tokens
Star topology
HUB
In a Star topology every node is connected through a central device such as a Hub, Switch or Router Compared to a Ring or Bus topology a Star topology requires that more thought be put into its setup
What is a Hub?
A hub is usually a small rectangular box, often made of plastic, which receives its power from an ordinary wall outlet A hub joins multiple computers (or other network devices) together to form a single network segment On this network segment, all computers can communicate directly with each other
What is a Hub?
Ethernet hubs are by far the most common type, but hubs for other types of networks such as USB also exist A hub includes a series of ports that each accepts a network cable Small hubs can network four computers together They contain four or sometimes five ports
What is a Hub?
Many times the fifth port is reserved for "uplink" which is the connecting of one hub to another hub or similar device (joining two segments together). Larger hubs contain eight, 12, 16, and even 24 ports
Passive hubs Passive hubs do not amplify the electrical signal of incoming packets before broadcasting them out to the network Active hubs
amplify the electrical signal of incoming packets back to their original level before broadcasting them back out on the network
Intelligent hubs add extra features to an active hub that are of particular importance to businesses An intelligent hub is typically stackable (built in such a way that multiple units can be placed one on top of the other to conserve space).
Intelligent hubs
It also typically includes remote management capabilities via SNMP and virtual LAN (VLAN) support (You can configure or check it from a computer that is connected to it). SNMP-Simple Network Management Protocol
Network Switch
Network switches appear nearly identical to network hubs, but a switch generally contains more "intelligence" (and a slightly higher price tag) than a hub Unlike hubs, network switches are capable of inspecting data packets as they are received, determining the source and destination device of that packet, and forwarding it appropriately
Network Switch
By delivering each message only to the connected device it was intended for, a network switch conserves network bandwidth and offers generally better performance than a hub
What is a Router?
Routers are physical devices that join multiple wired or wireless networks together Technically, a wired or wireless router is a Layer 3 gateway, meaning that the wired/wireless router connects networks together A Gateway is a device that acts like a security guard and only allows data in or out if it has the right network headers
Routers
Home networkers often use an Internet Protocol (IP) wired or wireless router IP is the most common OSI network layer protocol Protocols are the rules governing the transfer of data information, it can also be compared to how humans use languages (to get your point across you must talk in the same language as the person you are speaking to).
Routers
An IP router such as a DSL or cable modem are broadband routers and joins the home's local area network (LAN) to the wide-area network (WAN) of the Internet A Broadband Router is a device that allows multiple PCs to access the Internet using only one address.