NUKLEOTIDA

Dr. I Dewa Ayu Susilawati, drg. M. Kes

A nucleotide is composed of a nucleobase (nitrogenous base), a five-carbon sugar, and one to three phosphate groups

 NUCLEOTIDE * make up the structural units of RNA and DNA * play central roles in metabolism, they serve as sources of chemical energy: adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP), * participate in cellular signaling: cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), * cofactors of enzymatic reactions: coenzyme A (CoA), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

 Mononucletide ATP, GTP, ADP, AMP, dll Dinucleotide FAD, NAD Polynucleotide DNA, RNA

nucleobase = nitrogenous base= basa nitrogen

* adenin * guanin * timin * cytosin * uracil * nicotinamide * flavin

BASA NITROGEN: PURIN & PIRIMIDIN

A purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring

BASA NITROGEN: NICOTINAMIDE

Nicotinamide = niacinamide =nicotinic acid amide, is the amide of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3 / niacin). Nicotinamide is a water-soluble vitamin and is part of the vitamin B group. Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin

BASA NITROGEN: FLAVIN

FLAVIN: A ketone, C10H6N4O2, act as coenzymes of flavoprotein.

five-carbon sugar (ribosa)

Ribose and its related compound, deoxyribose, are the building blocks of the backbone chains in nucleic acids. Ribose and deoxyribose are classified as monosaccharides, aldoses, pentoses, and are reducing sugars

Ribose

Deoxyribose

cAMP & cGMP

Polinukleotid

Sintesis Purin

Sintesis Pirimidin

Degradasi nukleosid asam urat (katabolisme purin)

Katabolisme Pirimidin

Schematic overview of pyrimidine de novo synthesis, salvage and degradation. Nucleotides synthesized de novo enter the nucleotide pool and become further converted to nucleic acids and other metabolic intermediates. Breakdown of nucleotides to uridine and uracil may lead to complete degradation or the resynthesis of UMP in the salvage pathway. Increased activity of URH in overexpressor mutants leads to marked stimulation of pyrimidine degradation but not of salvage pathway activity or de novo synthesis.

PR: ASAM URAT

Uric Acid uric acid is a normal constituent of the human body. Ordinarily about one-third of the uric acid in our system comes from food, especially foods like those noted earlier that are rich in purines. The rest we produce ourselves through ordinary metabolism. These classical signs of inflammation, together with sudden and extreme pain, strongly suggest an acute attack of gout. The diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory finding of uric acid crystals in fluid taken from the affected joint.