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BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
Boolean algebra is the subarea of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0 (respectively).
AND Function
Text Description Output Y is TRUE if inputs A AND B are TRUE, else it is FALSE. Logic Symbol
A
AND
B
INPUTS OUTPUT
Truth Table
A 0 0 1 1
B 0 1 0 1
Y 0 0 0 1
AND Symbol
Boolean Expression
Y = A x B = A B = AB
OR Function
Text Description Output Y is TRUE if input A OR B is TRUE, else it is FALSE. Logic Symbol
A B
INPUTS OUTPUT
OR
Truth Table
A 0 0 1 1
B 0 1 0 1
Y 0 1 1 1
OR Symbol
Boolean Expression
Y=A+B
Logic Symbol
NOT
INPUT
OUTPUT
Truth Table
A 0 1
Y 1 0
Boolean Expression
NOT Bar
Alternative Notation
Y=A
Y = A Y = !A
NAND Function
Text Description Output Y is FALSE if inputs A AND B are TRUE, else it is TRUE.
A bubble is an inverter This is an AND Gate with an inverted output
Logic Symbol
A
NAND
B
INPUTS OUTPUT
Truth Table
A 0 0 1 1
B 0 1 0 1
Y 1 1 1 0
Boolean Expression
Y = A x B = AB
NOR Function
Text Description Output Y is FALSE if input A OR B is TRUE, else it is TRUE.
A bubble is an inverter. This is an OR Gate with its output inverted.
Logic Symbol
A
NOR
B
INPUTS OUTPUT
Truth Table
A 0 0 1 1
B 0 1 0 1
Y 1 0 0 0
Boolean Expression
Y=A+B
XOR Function
Text Description Output Y is TRUE if AND only if either input A OR B is TRUE. Logic Symbol
INPUTS
OUTPUT
Truth Table
A 0 0 1 1
B 0 1 0 1
Y 0 1 1 0
Boolean Expression
Y=
(A + B).A.B
X-NOR Function
Text Description Output Y is FALSE if AND only if either input A OR B is TRUE. Logic Symbol
INPUTS
OUTPUT
Truth Table
A 0 0 1 1
B 0 1 0 1
Y 1 0 0 1
Boolean Expression
Y=
A.B+A.B
DEMORGANS THEOREMS
DeMorgans Theorems are two additional simplification techniques that can be used to simplify Boolean expressions
A B A B A B A B
12
EXAMPLES OF OR GATE
1) Two buttons to activate the same doorbell. Whether you push the button at the front door OR the one at the garage, the doorbell will ring. 2) Eight smoke sensors at the first floor activating one signal (8-inputs OR) Another eight sensors at the second floor activating another signal (8-inputs OR) 1st OR 2nd floor signals turn a light on in the panel. (2-inputs OR) That signal AND "bells on" switch on, sound a bell.
(b) Freezer warning buzzer When the thermistor is COLD its resistance is LARGE and the input to the NAND gate is high. Since the NAND gate is connected as an INVERTER the output is LOW. As the thermistor warms up its resistance decreases, the voltage across it falls and the input to the NAND gate falls. When it becomes low enough the output becomes HIGH and the buzzer sounds.