NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, KARACHI 16th MCMC

CASE STUDY
Syndicate - A Beggary in Sindh with Specific Implication to Karachi
Sponsor ADS: Lt Col (R) Ijaz Ahmad
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Composition
Sr Name Sr. Name # # 1. Aijaz Anwer Chohan 7. M. Kamran Khan 2. Ahmed Ali Sirohey 3. Ali Asghar Sial 8. 9. M. Ali Chachar

Shahab Qamar Ansari 4. Azhar Erum Memon 10. Shaheen 5. Javed Iqbal 6. Moazzam Ali Marri 11. Syed Aftab Haider 12. Zubair A. Siddiqui
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Requirements
Discuss causes of beggary and its various modes, in detail. How far is it a syndicated

activity and under what kind of patronage it thrives in Karachi. How far the police and
other public service departments are responsible in this regard Critically examine the efficacy of various legislations to control Beggary. If the available

legislation is not effective to control this menace what additional practicable legal,
preventive and punitive measure would you suggest in this regard Beggary is a criminal and a social evil and is largely an outcome of socio-economic,

imbalances in our society. Before it becomes a criminal activity. What corrective

mechanism would you propose to transform beggars into respectable, civilized and responsible citizens of our society What role our media and civil society organization can play through investigative
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reporting and awareness

campaign to educate general public about their role and

responsibility in controlling Beggary

Scheme of Presentation

Definition
No single definition
Requesting a donation in a supplicating manner Practice of imploring others to grant a favour, often a gift & money with no expectation of reciprocation*. vagrant** means a person who (i) solicits or receives alms in a public place; (ii) exposes or exhibits any sore, wound, injury, deformity or disease in a public place for the purpose of soliciting or receiving alms; (iii) allows himself to be used as an exhibit for the purpose of soliciting or receiving alms; (iv) enters on any private premises without the invitation of the occupier for the purpose of soliciting or receiving alms; but does not include a person who solicits or receives money, food or gift for a purpose authorized by rules under a prescribed certificate;
Source: *Wikipedia Encyclopedia (www.wkikipedia.com) ** West Pakistan Vagrancy Ordinance, 1958
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Causes
Poverty Unemployment Inequalities & Injustices in Society Lucrative Business Lack of viable economic alternatives.

Economic:

Causes
Family Disorganization Lack of Parental Control Community disorganization Social Customs Demographic Pressures like Urbanization Population Growth

Social:

Causes
Other Causes:

Non-implementation of Laws Public Sector Failure? Faulty Laws Internal Displacement Cultural

Biological Causes:

Sickness or Disease Physically Disabled Mentally Deficient Old Age

Religious Causes:

Religious Mendicancy Indiscriminate Alms-giving Religious factors such as zakat and madrassas serve to socially and financially
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Modes of Beggary
Destitute Begging
lacks education & skills to do work

Handicapped Begging

sick, disabled, mentally retarded, aged , incapable to work

Exploited Begging

syndicated beggar

Professional Begging

follows as an occupation,

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Modes of Beggary

Rat Children Begging

Children and adults, who have miniature heads

Child Begging
a minor who forced into begging

Transgender Beggars Hijras, also known as khawajasira, include individuals such as transgendered males, transsexuals, and members of the third sex.

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Patronage
Beggary
an organized trade - A social evil from ancient time in almost all societies - A Syndicated, lucrative, organized Activity

Patrons:
Government Agencies Police Beggars Contractors Drug Barons Society at large

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Constitutional & Legal Status

Constitution of Pakistan
Article 3 The state shall ensure the elimination of all forms of exploitation and gradual fulfillment of the fundamental principle from each according to his ability to each according to his work Article 33 - The state shall provide basic necessities of life such as food, clothing, housing, education, and medical relief for all such citizens irrespective of sex, caste, creed or race as are permanently or temporarily unable to earn their livelihood on account of infirmity, 13 sickness or unemployment

Constitutional & Legal Status

West Pakistan Vagrancy Ordinance, 1958 Punitive in Nature

Police Officer may arrest without warrant One to three Year detention in welfare home Applicable to Karachi vide Extension to Karachi Ordinance, 1964

Sindh Local Government Act, 2013 Preventive in Nature

Section 63 deals with prevention of beggary

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Proposed Legal Measures

Consolidate & Update anti-beggary laws Definition of Beggary may be inclusive rather exclusive Enhance punishment for the person who forced an individual into beggary Like NGOs & NPOs, Tax credit may be introduced in for individual who adopts a child beggar or a family NGOs may be encouraged to operate Welfare Homes Detained Beggars may be trained to get employment on mega projects Separate Wing within KMC may be established to curb this menace, with its own police/ wardens Data Base may be developed by giving license of beggary 15 as in vogue in European countries.

Preventive Measures
Introduction of the social safety nets Encourage community based arrangements of care and share Public programs-cash transfers, income generation, social insurance Survey of illegal settlements, katchi abadis, and slums Extension of microcredit and small business enterprises schemes and cheap housing to vulnerable, risk prone population sectors Recovery and rehabilitation of disaster/conflict areas to encourage repatriation of the IDPs

Enforcement mandates to child protection departments/KMC vigilance cells etc.

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Punitive Measures
Rigorous punishments/mandatory imprisonment for

mafia behind organized crimes

Ban on professional and organized begging National registry of repeated beggary offenders Fines Forced detentions Resource constraints

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Beggary an Outcome of SocioEconomic Imbalance

Prevalence of beggars is due to breakdown of the socio-economic structure of the country
Beggars in Pakistan, specially in Karachi are the victims and result of an imbalanced socio-economic system

Selfish Parents abandon/ sell their children because of poverty their children
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Linkage of Beggary and Criminal Activity

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Corrective Mechanism
Sr Proposed Measure #
1. Mandatory registration with KMC to develop Data Bank 2. Segregation on the basis of a. Gender, Age, & Skill b. Drug Addicts, Careers of Contagious Diseases

Responsibility
Local Govt Dept. & KMC Social Welfare Department

3. Entrusting diseased and drug addicts to NGOs Social Welfare operating rehabilitation centers. Department 4. Entrusting begging children to NGOs like Azad Foundation 5. Ensuring grants from the central Zakat Fund/ Baitul Mal for NGOs and Welfare homes Social Welfare Department Zakat & Ushar Deptt.
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Responsibilities of General Public

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Role of Media

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Role of Civil Society Organizations

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Thanks Q&A

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