Fire & Life Safety

Dale Saunders, DCFM Campus Fire Marshal, EH&S, UC Irvine

9/9/2013

Overview
Awareness of Fire Hazards Fire Safety Systems
Fire Codes Fire Extinguishers Fire Alarms Fire Suppression Fire Construction and Containment

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Group Exercise

What are some fire hazards that you may encounter in your facilities?

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Film Clip

Great White Concert Fire

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Great White Concert Fire

February 20, 2003 Location: W. Warwick, RD Building: The Station Concert Hall # Killed: 100 (96 on site, 4 in Hospital) # Injured: 200 4th Deadliest concert fire in US History

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Great White Concert-Fire hazards

What went wrong?

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Overview
Fire Codes Fire Extinguishers Fire Alarm Systems Fire Suppression Fire Construction & Containment

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Fire Codes
California Building Code Title 24 California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 19 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

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California Building Code (Title 24)

California Constitution requires:
California laws called California Codes (Total of 29)
Education Code Government Code Health & Safety Code Labor Code Requires 19 CCR Requires CBC

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CA Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 19

Required by Government Code CCR Title 19 Public Safety: regulated by State Fire Marshal (SFM)
Fire Safety of Building Maintenance Fire Extinguisher Maintenance Fire Alarm & Fire Sprinkler Maintenance General Fire Safety

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National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

NFPA 13 Fire Sprinklers
System requirements & installation Water supplies System inspection, testing, & maintenance

NFPA 72 Fire Alarms

System design requirements Inspection, testing, & maintenance

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Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)

Enforcement Community Colleges Division of State Architect (DSA) SFM Designated Campus Fire Marshal (DCFM) Regulations State Fire Marshal (SFM) SFM SFM

State Universities UCs

Private Universities

Local Fire Agency

Local Fire Agency/SFM

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Fire Code Questions?

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Overview
Fire Codes Fire Extinguishers Fire Alarm Systems Fire Suppression Fire Construction & Containment

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Fire Extinguishers
Elements of all fires

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Fire Extinguisher Classifications

Classifications:
Class A - Ordinary Combustibles Paper, cloth, wood, and some Plastics
Class B - Flammable Liquids or Gasses Liquids: Gasoline, Oil, Grease, Solvents Gases: Acetylene, Methane, Hydrogen Class C - Energized Electrical Equipment Equipment Connected to Electrical Source

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Extinguisher Ratings
Sample extinguisher UL listing
4-A:20-B:C
Good for Class A, B, and C fires Will extinguish twice as much Class A fire as a 2-A rated extinguisher Will extinguish 20 times as much Class B fire as a 1-B rated extinguisher Suitable for Class C fires

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Use of Fire Extinguisher

P - Pull the Pin A - Aim at Base of Fire

S - Squeeze the Trigger

S - Sweep from Side to Side

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Inspect Fire Extinguisher

Is this fire extinguisher ready to be used?
Locking pin and security seal Pressure gauge State Fire Marshal tag

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Fire Extinguisher Questions?

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Overview
Fire Codes Fire Extinguishers Fire Alarm Systems Fire Suppression Fire Construction & Containment

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Fire Alarm Systems

System Selection based on:
Building occupant safety Satisfy building codes or AHJ requirements Property protection First responder safety Environmental protection Combination of above
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Fire Detection
Spark/Ember Detectors Flame Detectors Combination Radiant Energy
UV IR

Smoke Detector
Ionization Photoelectric

Heat Detectors
Fixed Temperature Rate-of-Rise
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Manual Pull Stations

Usually located near exit on wall Sends signal to fire alarm system which in turn places the building into alarm

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Notification Appliances
Audible alarms
Horns Bells Chimes

Visual alarms Voice Communication

Assembly occupancies High rises

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Fire Alarm Questions?

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Overview
Fire Codes Fire Extinguishers Fire Alarm Systems Fire Suppression Fire Construction & Containment

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Fire Suppression Systems

4 categories of sprinkler systems
Wet-Pipe Dry-Pipe Preaction Deluge

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Wet-Pipe System (Sprinklers)

System contains water under pressure at all times Series of closed sprinkler heads Heat activates sprinkler head Water discharged immediately from sprinkler head

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How do Wet-Pipe Systems/Sprinklers Work?

Sprinkler head

Water is released and deflected in a spray pattern

As temperature rises the bulb will shatter

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Dry-Pipe System
System contains air under pressure
Compressor on system keeps pressure up

Sprinkler heads hold the pressure Valve holds back water supply Valve opens when pressure falls below a predetermined level in the pipes Heat activates sprinkler head Water discharged immediately from sprinkler head

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How do Dry-Pipe Systems Work?

1. Heat Activated, sprinklers head opens

2.

Pressure Drop

3.

Valve Opens

4.

Water sent to all sprinkler heads

5.
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Water Discharges from activated head

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Preaction System
System contains air under pressure
Compressor on system keeps pressure up

Water held back by preaction valve Supplemental detection Operation of detection system allows preaction valve to open and water fills system Water not discharged until fire has generated sufficient heat to activate a sprinkler head

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How do Pre-Action Systems Work?

1. Smoke Activated, opens primer in valve

2.

Pressure Drop

3.

Valve Opens

4.

Water sent to all sprinkler heads

5.
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Water Discharges from activated head

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Deluge Systems
Deliver large quantities of water over a specified area in a short period of time Piping at atmospheric pressure Sprinkler heads are in open position Deluge valve keeps water back Supplemental detection activated deluge valve Water discharged from all heads immediately

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Sprinkler Flow Alarms

Switches to detect water flow
Fire alarm system activated when water flow detected

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Fire Pumps
Used when hydraulic demand exceeds public supply capacity Components
Pump and motor Controllers (fire pump and jockey pump) Jockey pump Water tank

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Water Supply
Standpipe System
Class I Intended for Fire Department use Class II Intended for trained occupants Class III Provided with 2 inch and 1 inch hose connections

Fire Department Connection

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Fire Suppression Questions?

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Overview
Fire Codes Fire Extinguishers Fire Alarm Systems Fire Suppression Fire Construction & Containment

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Construction and Containment

Buildings classified by 9 levels of fire resistant materials (e.g. walls, roofs, columns) High level Type I (High Rise)

Low Level Type V Non-Rated (Homes)

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Examples of Construction & Containment

Closing fire doors Fire/Smoke dampers

Fire penetrations around pipes in rated walls

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Know Your Building

Become familiar with:
Locations of sprinklers and standpipe Location of fire alarm devices Locations of exits and egress Emergency evacuation routes Do you have emergency power where located?

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Fire Construction & Containment Questions?

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Conclusions
Codes drive facility fire and life safety requirements Know what codes apply to your operation Find out who is your AHJ Maintain fire and life safety systems at all times Always report non-operational fire systems to your appropriate department Be aware of fire hazards report as appropriate

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Contact Information

Dale Saunders, DCFM Campus Fire Marshal, EH&S, UC Irvine dsaunder@uci.edu (949) 824-4077 www.ehs.uci.edu
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