Learning Objectives

To define the microstructure of connective tissue proper To define the microstructure of connective tissue with special properties To define the microstructure of supporting connective tissue

Three fundamental components : - cells - protein fibers : Collagens, elastic - ground substance

Loose Connective Tissue

1. Elastic fibers
2. Collagenous fiber 3. Adipose cells 8. Fibroblasts 9. Collagenous fibers 10. Elastic fibers

4. Fixed macrophages (histiocytes) 5. Eosinophils

6. Lymphocytes

11. Fixed macrophages

7. Mast cells 12. Capillary containing erythrocytes

13. Cytoplasmic processes 14. Nucleus 15. Nucleolus 16. Nucleus 17. Vacuoles with neutral red 18. Nucleus 19. Mast cell granules

I. Fibroblast

II. Fixed macrophage

III. Mast cell

Connective Tissue
7. Adipose cells 1. Collagenous fibers 2. Fibroblast nucleus 3. Fibroblast nuclei 4. Fibroblast : cytoplasm and nucleus

8. Nuclei of adipose cells

9. Collagenous fibers

10. Capillaries 11. Neutrophil 12. Lymphocytes

5. Neutrophil
6. Lymphocyte

Loose connective tissue

Dense regularConnective Tissue

1. Tendon cells

4. Nuclei of tendon cells (surface view)

2. Collagenous fibers 4. Nuclei of tendon cells (slide view) 3. Bundle of tendon fibers

Dense regular connective tissue

Connective Tissue
7. Skeletal muscle fibers (t.s) 1. Bundles of tendon fibers 2. Tendon cells (nuclei) 3. Connective tissue between bundles 8. Interfascicular connective tissue

4. Interfascicular connective tissue

5. Blood vessels 6. Lamellar (Pacinian corpuscle) 9. Tendon cells

10.Collagenous fibers

Dense regular connective tissue

Dense irregular connective tissue The component of this tissue are identical to those in dense regular connective tissue
1. Bundles of tendon fibers 6. Perivascular undifferentiated Mesenchymal cell 7. Endothelial cell 8. Venule 9. Lymphocytes 10. Elastic fibers 3. Neutrophils 4. Capillaries 5. Fibroblasts 11. Fibroblasts

2. Collagenous fibers (l.s)

Dense irregular arranged connective tissue

Connective Tissues with Special Properties

Reticular Connective Tissue :

Elastic Tissue

Mucous Connective Tissue

This tissue has few cells and fibers distributed randomly in the abundant ground substance (Whartons jelly)

Adipose Tissues
The two types of adipose tissues

Unilocular adipose tissue (common, yellow) Multilocular adipose tissue (brown)

Development of fat cells. Undifferentiated Mesenchymal cells are transformed into lipoblasts that accumulate fat and thus give rise to mature fat cells. When a large amount of lipid is mobilized by the body, mature unilocular fat cells return to the lipoblast stage. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells also give rise to a variety of other cell types, including fibroblasts. The mature fat cell is actually larger than shown here in relation to the other cell types in this illustration.

Unilocular Adipose Tissue

also termed as White/yellow adipose tissue single fat droplet a signet-ring appearance

Multilocular Adipose Tissue

Feature : - Brown fat - multiple small lipid droplets in its adipocytes. Brown adipocytes are smaller than white adipocytes, a spherical and central nucleus, numerous mitochondria Distribution : Newborns

Brown Adipose Tissue

Distribution of adipose tissue. In human newborn, multilocular adipose tissue constitutes 2 5 % of the body weight and is distributed as shown. The areas indicate multilocular adipose tissue ; shahed areas, a mixture of multilocular and unilocular adipose tissue.

Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes

Neutrophils

Neutrophils

Neutrophils

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes

Platelets

Platelets

Hematopoiesis

Mature cell types in circulating blood

Hyaline cartilage

Elastic Cartilage

Fibro Cartilage

Perichondrium

Composed of :

Bone Matrix Cells :

Osteocytes Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Osteoprogenitor

Bone matrix (cont.)

INORGANIC MATTER

ORGANIC MATTER

Calcium Phosphate Bicarbonate Citrate Magnesium Potassium Sodium

Collagen Fibers Amorphous Ground substance :

Chondroitin 4-sulfate Chondroitin 6-sulfate Keratan Sulfate

Cells

Osteoclast Mesenchyme Newly formed matrix Osteocyte Osteoblast Bone Matrix

Endochondral Ossification

Resting zone
Proliferative zone

Hypertrophic cartilage zone Calcified zone Ossification zone

Long bone

Thick ground section of tibia illustrating the cortical compact bone and the lattice of trabeculae of cancellous bone

Compact Bone

Interstitial lamellae Haversian system (osteon) Outer circumferential lamellae

Inner Circumferential lamellae

Volkmanns canal

Endosteum

Haversian canal

Periosteum

Compact Bone

Haversian system (a part)

Compact Bone

Compact Bone

Muscular Insertion Into Bone

Active Periosteum

Active Periosteum

Endochondral Ossification

Epiphysis

Epiphysial Growth Plate

Epiphysial Growth Plate

Tendon

THANK YOU