HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Prepared by: Lovelyn Q. Ramirez Frances Margott C. Ramos BSN IV - 4

A dangerous good is any solid, liquid, or gas that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment. An equivalent term, used almost exclusively in the United States, is hazardous material (HAZMAT). Dangerous goods may be radioactive, flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, biohazardous, an oxidizer, an asphyxiant, a pathogen, an allergen, or may have other characteristics that render it hazardous in specific circumstances.

HAZMAT CLASS 1 EXPLOSIVES

HAZMAT Class 1, based on the UNO Hazard Class and Division system, indicates Explosives, which are any substance or article, including a device, which is designed to function by explosion or which, by chemical reaction within itself is able to function in a similar manner even if not designed to function by explosio

Class 1 hazard sign (the orange lozenge) on a military ammunition load.

US ARMY TRUCKS LADEN WITH AMMUNITION, DISPLAYING THE CLASS 1.1 EXPLOSIVE PLACARD ON THE FRONT.

HAZMAT CLASS 2 GASES

A gas is a substance which (a) at 50 C (122 F) has a vapour pressure greater than 300 kPa or (b) is completely gaseous at 20 C (68 F) at a standart pressure of 101.3 kPa

HAZMAT CLASS 2 GASES DIVISION 2.2

Non-Flammable, Non-Toxic Gas This division includes compressed gas, liquefied gas, pressurized cryogenic gas, compressed gas in solution, asphyxiant gas and oxidizing gas. A non-flammable, nonpoisonous compressed gas (Division 2.2) means any material (or mixture) which: Exerts in the packaging an absolute pressure of 280 kPa (40.6 psia) or greater at 20 C (68 F), and Does not meet the definition of Division 2.1 or 2.3.

HAZMAT CLASS 2 GASES HAZMAT CLASS 2 GASES

Toxic Gas Gas poisonous by inhalation means a material which is a gas at 20 C or less and a pressure of 101.3 kPa (a material which has a boiling point of 20 C or less at 101.3kPa (14.7 psi)) and which: Is known to be so toxic to humans as to pose a hazard to health during transportation, or In the absence of adequate data on human toxicity, is presumed to be toxic to humans because when tested on laboratory animals it has an LC50 value of not more than 5000 ml/m. See 49CFR 173.116(a) for assignment of Hazard Zones A, B, C or D.

A propane tank car after a fire, the HAZMAT 1075 symbol can be seen in red as a warning of the danger posed by the gas.

Loading a container (with the Hazmat Class 2 symbol on the rear doors) aboard a ship.

HAZMAT CLASS 3 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

A flammable liquid is a liquid with flash point of not more than 60.5C (141F), or any material in a liquid phase with a flash point at or above 37.8C (100F).
Flash Point: The flash point is the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid.

HAZMAT CLASS 4 DIVISION 4.1: FLAMMABLE SOLID

Flammable solids are any materials in the solid phase of matter that can readily undergo combustion in the presence of a source of ignition under standard circumstances, i.e. without: Artificially changing variables such as pressure or density; or Adding accelerants.

DIVISION 4.2: SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE

Spontaneously combustible material is: Pyrophoric Material: A pyrophoric material is a liquid or solid that, even in small quantities and without an external ignition source, can ignite within five (5) minutes after coming in contact with air when tested according to the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria. Self-Heating Material: A self-heating material is a material that, when in contact with air and without an energy supply, is liable to self-heat.

DIVISION 4.3: DANGEROUS WHEN WET

Dangerous when wet material is material that, by contact with water, is liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gas at a rate greater than 1 liter per kilogram of the material, per hour, when tested in accordance with the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria.

DIVISION 5.1: OXIDIZERS

An oxidizer is a material that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials. A solid material is classed as a Division 5.1 material if, when tested in accordance with the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, its mean burning time is less than or equal to the burning time of a 3:7 potassium bromate/cellulose mixture. A liquid material is classed as a Division 5.1 material if, when tested in accordance with the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, it spontaneously ignites or its mean time for a pressure rise from 690 kPa to 2070 kPa gauge is less than the time of a 1:1 nitric acid (65 percent)/cellulose mixture.

DIVISION 5.2: ORGANIC PEROXIDES

An organic peroxide is any organic compound containing oxygen (O) in the bivalent -O-O- structure and which may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals, unless any of the following paragraphs applies: The material meets the definition of an explosive as prescribed in subpart C of this part, in which case it must be classed as an explosive; The material is forbidden from being offered for transportation according to 49CFR 172.101 of this subchapter or 49CFR 173.21; The Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety has determined that the material does not present a hazard which is associated with a Division 5.2 material

DIVISION 6.1 INHALATION HAZARD

Poisonous material is a material, other than a gas, which is known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a hazard to health during transportation, or which, in the absence of adequate data on human toxicity: Is presumed to be toxic to humans because it falls within any one of the following categories when tested on laboratory animals (whenever possible, animal test data that has been reported in the chemical literature should be used): Oral Toxicity: A liquid with an LD50 for acute oral toxicity of not more than 500 mg/kg or a solid with an LD50 for acute oral toxicity of not more than 200 mg/kg. Dermal Toxicity. A material with an LD50 for acute dermal toxicity of not more than 1000 mg/kg. Inhalation Toxicity: A dust or mist with an LC50 for acute toxicity on inhalation of not more than 10 mg/L; or a material with a saturated vapor concentration in air at 20 C (68 F) of more than one-fifth of the LC50 for acute toxicity on inhalation of vapors and with an LC50 for acute toxicity on inhalation of vapors of not more than 5000 ml/m; or Is an irritating material, with properties similar to tear gas, which causes extreme irritation, especially in confined spaces.

DIVISION 6.2: BIOHAZARDS

Biological hazards, also known as biohazards, refer to biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans. This can include medical waste or samples of a microorganism, virus or toxin (from a biological source) that can affect human health (a biological contamination). It can also include substances harmful to animals. The term and its associated symbol is generally used as a warning, so that those potentially exposed to the substances will know to take precautions. The biohazard symbol was developed in 1966 by Charles Baldwin, an environmental-health engineer working for theDow Chemical Company on the containment products.

The international symbol for biological hazard.

Radioactive substances are materials that emit radiation.

Radioactive placard on containers aboard a US Navy ship.

HAZMAT CLASS 7 RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

HAZMAT CLASS 8 CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES

A corrosive material is a liquid or solid that causes full thickness destruction of human skin at the site of contact within a specified period of time. A liquid that has a severecorrosion rate on steel or aluminum based on the criteria in 49CFR 173.137(c)(2) is also a corrosive material.

A corrosive material is a liquid or solid that causes full thickness destruction of human skin at the site of contact within a specified period of time. A liquid that has a severecorrosion rate on steel or aluminum based on the criteria in 49CFR 173.137(c)(2) is also a corrosive material.

HAZMAT CLASS 9 MISCELLANEOUS

The miscellaneous hazardous materials category encompasses all hazardous materials that do not fit one of the definitions listed in Class 1 through Class 8.

The miscellaneous hazardous material is a material that presents a hazard during transportation but which does not meet the definition of any other hazard class. This class includes: Any material which has an anesthetic, noxious or other similar property which could cause extreme annoyance or discomfort to a flight crew member so as to prevent the correct performance of assigned duties; or Any material that meets the definition in 49 CFR 171.8 for an elevated temperature material, a hazardous substance, a hazardous waste, or a marine pollutant.