INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES

RAKESH PATIDAR

United Nations Population Fund

Introduction
The UNFPA began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987) under the administration of the United Nations Development Fund. In 1971 it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly.

The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is a UN organisation. The work of the UNFPA involves promotion of the right of every woman, man and child to enjoy a life of health and equal opportunity. This is done through major national and demographic surveys and with poulation censuses. The data generated is used to create programmes to reduce poverty and address issues concerning the rights of particular minority population groups.

One of their aims is to ensure that "every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe, every young person is free of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases, and every girl and woman is treated with dignity and respect". Their work involves the improvement of reproductive health; including creation of national strategies and protocols, and providing supplies and services to the these minority groups, as well as internal migrants/refugees, the elderly and the handicapped

United Nations Population Fund Acronyms - UNFPA Head - Dr. Babatunde Osotimehin Established - 1967 Headquarters - New York City, United States Website - www.unfpa.org

Programme of Action
UNFPA's work is guided by the Program of Action adopted by 179 governments at the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994. The conference agreed that meeting people's needs for education and health, including reproductive health, is a prerequisite of sustainable development. The main goals of the Program of Action are: Universal access to reproductive health services by 2015 Universal primary education and closing the gender gap in education by 2015 Reducing maternal mortality by seventy-five percent by 2015 Reducing infant mortality Increasing life expectancy These goals were refined in 1999. One of the most important additions concerned HIV: HIV infection rates in persons 1524 years of age should be reduced by 25 percent in the most affected countries by 2005 and by 25 percent globally by 2010.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

OrgType - Programme Acronyms - UNDP Head Helen Clark Status Active Established1965 Headquarters-New York City, USA Website www.undp.org

INTRODUCTION
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the United Nations' global development network. It advocates for change and connects countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. UNDP operates in 166 countries, working with nations on their own solutions to global and national development challenges. As they develop local capacity, they draw on the people of UNDP and its wide range of partners.

Headquartered in New York City, the UNDP is funded entirely by voluntary contributions from member nations. The organization has country offices in 166 countries, where it works with local governments to meet development challenges and develop local capacity. Additionally, the UNDP works internationally to help countries achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

UNDP provides expert advice, training, and grant support to developing countries, with increasing emphasis on assistance to the least developed countries. To accomplish the MDGs and encourage global development, UNDP focuses on poverty reduction, HIV/AIDS, democratic governance, energy and environment, social development, and crisis prevention and recovery. UNDP also encourages the protection of human rights and the empowerment of women in all of its programs.

Functions

UNDPs offices and staff are on the ground in 166 countries, working with governments and local communities to help them find solutions to global and national development challenges. UNDP links and coordinates global and national efforts to achieve the goals and national development priorities laid out by host countries. UNDP focuses primarily on five developmental challenges:

Democratic

governance Poverty reduction Crisis prevention and recovery Environment and Energy HIV/AIDS

Democratic governance UNDP supports national democratic transitions by providing policy advice and technical support, improving institutional and individual capacity within countries, educating populations about and advocating for democratic reforms, promoting negotiation and dialogue, and sharing successful experiences from other countries and locations

Poverty reduction UNDP helps countries develop strategies to combat poverty by expanding access to economic opportunities and resources, linking poverty programs with countries larger goals and policies, and ensuring a greater voice for the poor

Crisis prevention and recovery UNDP works to reduce the risk of armed conflicts or disasters, and promote early recovery after crisis have occurred. UNDP works through its country offices to support local government in needs assessment, capacity development, coordinated planning, and policy and standard setting.

Environment and Energy As the poor are disproportionately affected by environmental degradation and lack of access to clean, affordable water, sanitation and energy services, UNDP seeks to address environmental issues in order to improve developing countries abilities to develop sustainably, increase human development and reduce poverty.

HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS is a big issue in today's society and UNDP works to help countries prevent further spreading and reduce its impact.

WORLD BANK

INTRODUCTION
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes. The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty. By law,[which?] all of its decisions must be guided by a commitment to promote foreign investment, international trade and facilitate capital investment.

The World Bank is the out come of the Bretton Woods Conference, held in 1944. It was launched alongside the International Monetary Fund(IMF), in the presence of a number of important world delegates, and many important policy makers from the United States of America

SHORT INTRODUCTION
NAME : WORLD BANK H.Q. : WASHINGTON D.C. ESTD. : 27 DEC 1945 MEMBERS : 185 COUNTRIES CURRENT PRESIDENT : ROBERT B. ZOELLICK. STAFF : 10000 IN 100COUNRIES FINANCIAL SOURCES : BORROWING ON INTERNATIONALMARKET

FUNCTIONS

The Bank Group uses financial resources and extensive experience to help poor nations reduce poverty, increase economic growth, and improve the quality of life. World Bank provides technical and financial assistance to underdeveloped nations for development schemes like building roads, schools, hospitals, etc. The main aim is to eliminate poverty from the world. The World Bank collaborates with numerous other partners and multilateral organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), to realize the most far-reaching results possible. Current global challenges include the financial crisis, high food prices, and climate change

WORKING GROUPS OF WORLDBANK BANK

International Bank forReconstruction and Development(IBRD) International DevelopmentAssociation (IDA) International Finance Corporation(IFC) Multilateral Investment GuaranteeAgency (MIGA) International Centre for Settlement

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

Established 1945 185 Members Fiscal 2008 lending: $13.5 billion for 99ne w operations in 34 countries provides debt financing on the basis of sovereign guarantees;

The International Finance Corporation (IFC)

Established 1956 179 Members Fiscal 2008 commitments: $11.4 billioncommitted and $4.8 billion mobilized for 372 projects in 85 countries provides various forms of financing withoutsovereign guarantees, primarily to theprivate sector;

The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Established 1988 172 Members Fiscal 2008 guarantees issued: $2.1 billion provides insurance against certain types of risk, including political risk, primarily tot he private sector.

WORLD BANK IN INDIA

Reduce poverty. Develop an investment-environment. Increase job opportunities. Work towards sustainable economic growth. Promote socio-economic growth throughinvestment. Strengthen governments with education. Empower the development of legal and judicial systems, business opportunitiesand protection of individual rights. Benefit from micro credit as well as largecorporate undertakings. Combat corruption.

Promote research and training opportunities. Provides low-interest loans, Interest-free credits Grants to include investments in education, Health, Public administration, Infrastructure, Financial and private sector development, Agriculture, Environmental and natural resourcemanagement.

EX

SARDAR SAROVAR DAM. World Bank is the financing agency forthis project. The World Bank approved a US$520.75 million IDA credit to India in a major new attack on three diseases to Combat Malaria, Kala Azar, and Polio World Bank Approves Two Credits To India For Polio Eradication And Rajasthan District Poverty Initiatives. The World Bank approved two credits to India worth a total of more than US$243 million. The India Immunization Strengthening Project (US$142.6 million) will benefit millions of children country wide with intensified efforts to eradicate polio and reduce vaccine preventable diseases, while the Rajasthan District Poverty Initiatives Project (US$100.48 million) will empower the poor to develop their communities in the Indian state of Rajasthan.

European Commission

INTRODUCTION
The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-today running of the Union. The current President of the European Commission is Jos Manuel Barroso who began his second term of office in February 2010.

Purpose

The Commission represents and upholds the interests of the EU as a whole. It oversees and implements EU policies by: proposing new laws to Parliament and the Council managing the EU's budget and allocating funding enforcing EU law (together with the Court of Justice) representing the EU internationally, for example, by negotiating agreements between the EU and other countries.

USAID United State Agency For International Development

USAID is an independent federal government agency that receives overall foreign policy guidance from the Secretary of State. USAID Work supports long-term and equitable economic growth and advances U.S. foreign policy objectives by supporting: economic growth, agriculture and trade; global health; and, democracy, conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance. SUAID provide assistance in five regions of the world: -Sub-Saharan Africa; -Asia; -Latin America and the Caribbean, -Europe and Eurasia; and -The Middle East.

With headquarters in Washington, D.C., USAID's strength is its field offices around the world. USAID work in close partnership with private voluntary organizations, indigenous organizations, universities, American businesses, international agencies, other governments, and other U.S. government agencies. USAID has working relationships with more than 3,500 American companies and over 300 U.S.-based private voluntary organizations.

USAID Organization
Leadership USAID is headed by an Administrator and Deputy Administrator, both appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. agency's Administrator is Raj Shah, Deputy Administrator is Donald Steinberg, USAID's Counselor is Hilda M. Arellano. The Chief of Staff is Margaret C. Sullivan. The Chief Economist is Steve Radelet.

USAID has both geographic bureaus (which are responsible for the overall activities in the countries where USAID have programs) and functional bureaus (that conduct agency programs that are world-wide in nature or that cross geographic boundaries.) The agency's geographic bureaus are: Sub-Saharan Africa (AFR) | Sharon Cromer, Senior Deputy Assistant Administrator Asia (A) | Nisha Desai Biswal, Assistant Administrator Latin America & the Caribbean (LAC) | Mark Feierstein, Assistant Administrator Europe and Eurasia (E&E) | Paige Alexander, Assistant Administrator Middle East (ME) | Mara Rudman, Assistant Administrator

USAID's functional bureaus are: Global Health | Susan K. Brems, Senior Deputy Assistant Administrator Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade | Eric G. Postel, Assistant Administrator Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance | Nancy Lindborg , Assistant Administrator Bureau for Food Security (BFS) | Paul Weisenfeld, Assistant to the Administrator

Building peace in the minds of men and women

UNESCO has 193 Member States and seven Associate Member States. It is governed by theGeneral Conference and the Executive Board. The Secretariat, headed by the Director-General, implements the decisions of these two bodies.

The General Conference establishes the Organization's goals and priorities every two years and sets the budget. The Executive Board meets twice a year to follow programme implementation.

UNESCO has its headquarters in Paris. It is housed in an outstanding, Modernist building inaugurated in 1958 and recently renovated. The Organization also has more than 50 field offices around the world.

overarching objectives

Attaining quality Education for All; Mobilizing scientific knowledge and science policy for sustainable development; Addressing emerging ethical challenges; Promoting cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue; Building inclusive knowledge societies through information and communication.

COLOMBO PLAN

The history of the Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic and Social Development in Asia and the Pacific, one of the oldest regional intergovernmental organizations dates far back as 1950, when the idea was first conceived to enhance economic and social development of the countries of the region. The Colombo Plan was established on 1 July 1951 by Australia, Canada, India, Pakistan, New Zealand, Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom and currently has expanded to include 26 member countries including nonCommonwealth countries and countries belonging to regional groupings such as ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations) and SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation).The Colombo Plan is a partnership concept of selfhelp and mutual-help in development aimed at socio-economic progress of its member countries.

The objectives of the Colombo Plan to promote interest in and support for the economic and social development of Asia and the Pacific; to promote technical cooperation and assist in the sharing and transfer of technology among member countries; to keep under review relevant information on technical cooperation between the member governments, multilateral and other agencies with a view to accelerating development through cooperative effort; to facilitate the transfer and sharing of the developmental experiences among member countries within the region with emphasis on the concept of South-south cooperation.

The Organizational Structure Of The Colombo Plan The principal organs of the Colombo Plan are - the Consultative Committee, the Council and the Secretariat. Administrative costs of the Council and Secretariat are borne equally by the 25 member countries. The Consultative Committee (CCM), comprises all member governments and is the highest review and policy making body of the Colombo Plan. Its biennial meetings provide a forum for the exchange of views on current development problems facing member countries and review the work of the Colombo Plan in economic and social development within the region. The Colombo Plan Council, comprises heads of diplomatic missions of member governments who are resident in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The President of the Council is nominated from among member countries annually on an alphabetical rotational basis. The Council meets every quarterly to identify important development issues facing its members and ensure the smooth implementation of the Consultative Committee's decisions. The Colombo Plan Secretariat, headed by a Secretary-General is located in Colombo, Sri Lanka, since 1951 and functions as the secretariat for the Consultative Committee and the Council. The Secretariat is responsible for the effective administration and implementation of the programmes of the Colombo Plan, in partnership with member countries and collaborating agencies.

Programmes The Colombo Plan has 4 permanent programmes: Programme for Public Administration & Environment (PPA & ENV) Programme for Private Sector Development (PPSD) Drug Advisory Programme (DAP) Long-Term Scholarships Programme (LTSP)