Regents Biology

2006-2007

Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air

Regents Biology

2006-2007

Plants are energy producers Like animals, plants need energy to live

unlike animals, plants dont need to eat food to make that energy

Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY

animals are consumers plants are producers

Regents Biology

How do plants make energy & food? Plants use the energy from the sun
to make ATP energy to make sugars

glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more

sun

ATP

sugars
Regents Biology

Building plants from sunlight & air Photosynthesis

2 separate processes sun ENERGY building reactions

collect sun energy use it to make ATP

SUGAR building reactions

take the ATP energy collect CO2 from air &

ATP

H 2O

+
sugars

H2O from ground use all to build sugars

CO2

carbon dioxide water + HO CO Regents Biology 2 2

sugars C6H12O6

Using light & air to grow plants

Photosynthesis
using suns energy to make ATP using CO & water to make sugar 2 in chloroplasts allows plants to grow makes a waste product

oxygen (O2)

sun C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Regents Biology

carbon sun + water + energy glucose + oxygen dioxide

(ATP) = used to build the sugar

What do plants need to grow? The factory for making

energy & sugars

chloroplast CO2

sun

Fuels
sunlight carbon dioxide water

Make ATP! Make sugar! I can do it all And no one even notices!

ATP
enzymes

The Helpers

enzymes

H2O

sugars

Regents Biology

Photosynthesis

sun

ENERGY building reactions

ADP
SUGAR building reactions
H 2O
Regents Biology

ATP
used immediately to synthesize sugars

CO2

sugar

Chloroplasts are only in plants animal cells plant cells

Regents Biology

Chloroplasts
Leaves
Chloroplasts in cell

Leaf

absorb sunlight & CO2

sun

CO2

Chloroplast Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll Regents Biology

Chloroplast make ENERGY & SUGAR

So what does a plant need? Bring In

light CO 2 HO 2

leaves

Let Out

O2 sugars

shoot roots

Move Around

6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2 Regents Biology energy

Leaf Structure
cuticle epidermis palisades layer spongy layer epidermis cuticle
Regents Biology

vascular bundle (vein) xylem (water) phloem (sugar)

stomate

guard cells

Transpiration

xylem (water)

O2 H O 2

CO2

CO2 in O2 out water out

so it gets Regents Biology

stomate O2 H2O CO2

guard cells

to leaves from roots

Transpiration
Water evaporates from
the stomates in the leaves

pulls water up from roots

water molecules stick

to each other

more water is pulled up tree from ground

Regents Biology

Function of Leaf Structures

Cuticle

waxy coating reduces water loss skin protecting leaf tissues high concentration of chloroplasts
collecting suns energy

Epidermis

Palisades layer

photosynthesis
making ATP & sugars

Spongy layer

air spaces
gas exchange CO2 in for sugar production, remove waste O2

Regents Biology

Stomates & Guard Cells

Function of stomates

CO2 in O2 out H2O out

gets to leaves for photosynthesis

Function of guard cells

open & close stomates

guard cell stomate

Regents Biology

Guard cells & Homeostasis

Homeostasis

keeping the internal environment of the plant balanced let CO2 in

needed to make sugars

Stomates open

let H2O out

needed for photosynthesis

let O2 out
get rid of waste product

Stomates close

Regents Biology

if too much H2O evaporating

Xylem
carry water up from roots

Regents Biology

Phloem: food-conducting cells

carry sugars around the plant

wherever they are needed new leaves fruit & seeds roots

Regents Biology

How are they connected?

Respiration
glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energy dioxide C6H12O6 + 6O2

6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Photosynthesis
carbon sun + water + energy glucose + oxygen dioxide 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2 energy
Regents Biology

Energy cycle
Photosynthesis
plants

sun

CO2

H 2O
animals, plants

glucose
sugars

O2

Cellular Respiration
The Great Circle of Life! Regents Biology Mufasa?

ATP

Another view

capture light energy

sun

Photosynthesis
producers, autotrophs

synthesis organic O2 molecules waste

food

waste

CO2

waste

H 2O

consumers, heterotrophs

digestion

Cellular Respiration
release chemical energy

ATP

Regents Biology

The poetic perspective All of the solid material of every plant

was built out of thin air All of the solid material of every animal was built from plant material

air

Then all the cats, dogs, mice, people & elephants are really strands of air woven together by sunlight!

sun

Regents Biology

Got the energy Ask Questions!!

Regents Biology
2006-2007