Synchronous Machines

Example 1
A 150 kW, 460 V, 1200 r/min, Y-connected synchronous
motor has a synchronous reactance of 0.8 O/phase. The
internal voltage is 300 V. If the power angle is 30
o
,
determine the following

a) The power
b) The torque
c) The pull-out torque of the motor
m N T
torque out Pull c
m N T
torque Output b
kW
X
E V
P
power Output
V V voltage phase The a
o
o
s
f t
t
. 800
60
2
1200
90 sin
8 . 0
300 266
: )
. 400
60
2
1200
000 , 50
: )
50 30 sin
8 . 0
300 266
sin
:
266
3
460
, )
max
=

=
=

= =
= =
t
t
o
Example 1 Solution
Example 2
A 2000-hp, 2300-V, unity power factor, Y-connected, 30-
pole, 60-Hz synchronous motor has a synchronous
reactance of 1.95 O/phase. Neglect all losses. Compute
the maximum power and torque which this motor can
deliver if it is supplied with power directly from a 60-Hz,
2300-V supply. Assume field excitation is maintained
constant at the value which will result in unity power
factor at rated load.
Example 2 Solution
Rated kVA = 2000X0.746 = 1492 kVA, three phase
= 497 kVA/phase
Rated voltage = 2300/1.732=1328 V per phase
Rated current = 497000/1328 = 374 A/phase-Y




From the phasor diagram,


The maximum power and torque,





( ) ( )
( )
m kN T
rad
phase three kW P
V X I V E
s
s a t f
. 2 . 123
8
3096
sec / 8 60 2
30
2
3096
95 . 1
1515 1328
3
1515 95 . 1 374 1328
max
max
2 2 2 2
= =
= |
.
|

\
|
=
=

=
= + = + =
t
t t e
1328 V
1515 V
374 A
729 V
Example 3
A three-phase, 225 r/min synchronous motor is connected
to a 4-kV, 60-Hz line draws a current of 320 A and
absorbs 2000 kW. Calculate

a. The apparent power supplied to the motor
b. The power factor
c. The reactive power absorbed
d. The number of poles on the rotor
Example 3 Solution
( )
32
225
60 120
. )
957 2000 2217 )
902 . 0
2217
2000
cos )
2217 320 4000 3 )
2 2
=

=
= =
= = =
= =
poles of No d
kVAR Q c
PF b
kVA S a
u
Example 4
A three-phase synchronous motor rated at 800-hp, 2.4-kV,
60-Hz operates at unity power factor. The line voltage
suddenly drops to 1.8 kV, but the exciting current remains
unchanged. Explain how the following quantities are
affected.

a. Motor speed and mechanical power output
b. Power angle, o
c. Position of the rotor poles
d. Power factor
e. Stator current
Example 4 Solution
a. The speed is constant, hence the load does not know that
the line voltage has dropped. Therefore, the mechanical
power will remain unchanged
b. P=(V
t
E
f
/X
s
)sino, P, E
f
and X
s
are the same but V
t
has fallen;
consequently sino must increase, which means that o
increases
c. The poles fall slightly behind their former position,
because o increases
d. Terminal voltage is smaller than before, the motor internal
voltage is bigger than the terminal voltage and as a result,
the power factor will be less than unity and leading
e. As power factor is less than unity, apparent power S is
greater now. The terminal voltage is smaller,
will increase
( )
t
V S I 3 =
Example 5
A 4000-hp, 6.9-kV synchronous motor has a synchronous
reactance of 10 O/phase. The stator is connected in wye, and
the motor operates at full-load (4000 hp) with a leading power
factor of 0.89. If the efficiency is 97%, calculate the
following:

a. The apparent power
b. The line current
c. The internal voltage per phase with corresponding
phasor diagram
d. The power angle
e. The total reactive power supplied to the system
f. The approximate maximum power [in hp] the motor
can develop without pulling out of step
Example 5 Solution
( )
( ) ( ) V V E X I V E
V V c
A I b
kVA S
kW P
kW P a
t f s a t f
t
a
i
5889 27 90 cos 2
27 89 . 0 cos ; 3984
3
6900
)
3 . 289
9 . 6 3
3457
)
3457
89 . 0
3076
3076
97 . 0
2984
2984 746 . 0 4000 )
0 0 2 2
0
0
= + + =
= = = =
=

=
= =
= =
= =
u u
V
t

E
f

I
a

I
a
X
s

27
0
Example 5 Solution (contd)
hp kW P f
kVAR Q e
X
E V
P d
s
f t
phase per
9436 7039 90 sin
10
5889 3984
3 )
1578 3076 3457 )
9 . 25
3
3076000
sin )
0
max
2 2
0
_ 0
= =

=
= =
= = = o o
Example 6
A 1500-kW, 4600-V, 600 r/min, 60-Hz synchronous motor has
a synchronous reactance of 16 O/phase and a stator resistance
of 0.2 O/phase. The excitation voltage is 2400 V, and the
moment of inertia of the motor and its load is 275 kg.m
2
. We
wish to stop the motor by short-circuiting the armature while
keeping the dc rotor current fixed. Calculate

a. The power dissipated in the armature at 600 r/min
b. The power dissipated in the armature at 150 r/min
c. The kinetic energy at 600 r/min
d. The kinetic energy at 150 r/min
e. The time required for the speed to fall from 600 r/min
to 150 r/min
Example 6 Solution
( )
( )
( ) O = =
= =
= =
= = =
= = =
O = + = + =
4
600
150
16
, tan
15
600
150
60
,
600
600
150
2400
min / 150 ,
int , )
5 . 13 2 . 0 150 3 3
150
16
2400
16 16 2 . 0 )
2 2
2 2 2 2
s
f
a a dissipated
f
a
s a
X
so and speed the to al proportion also is ce reac s synchronou The
Hz f
so and speed the to al proportion also is frequency The
V E
r to drops speed the when ly Consequent
speed to al proportion is voltage ernal the fixed is current exciting the Because b
kW R I P
phases three all in dissipated Power
A
Z
E
I
phase per Current
X R Z a
I
a

E
f

V
t
=0
jX
s
R
a

+

+

Example 6 Solution (Contd)
kJ K
is r at energy kinetic The d
kJ Jn K
is r at energy kinetic The c
same the is phases three
in dissipated power unchanged remains current circuit short the As
kW R I P
phases three all in dissipated Power
A
Z
E
I
phase per Current
X R Z
is r at phase per impedance new The
E
E
a a dissipated
f
a
s a
9 . 33 150 275 10 48 . 5
min / 150 )
5 . 542 600 275 10 48 . 5 10 48 . 5
min / 600 )
.
,
5 . 13 2 . 0 150 3 3
150
4
600
4 4 2 . 0
min / 150
2 3
2
2 3 2 3
1
2 2
2 2 2 2
= =
= = =

= = =
= = =
O = + = + =

Example 6 Solution (Contd)
. min
. sec 7 . 37
6 . 508
5 . 13
min / 150 min / 600
. tan
6 . 508 9 . 33 5 . 542
min / 150 min / 600 )
2 1
als ter stator the across
conected were resistors external if sooner much stop would motor The
t
t t
W
P
is r to r from drop to
speed the for time The ce resis armature the in heat as lost is energy The
kJ K K W
is r to r from on decelerati in energy kinetic in loss The e
E E
= = =
= = =