Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
By
Renjini
Sindhuri
Contents
Introduction E-R modeling Peter Chen Information Engineering Barkers Notation IDEFIX UML modeling XML modeling X- Entity modeling XUML Conclusion
Introduction
Data modeling is the act of exploring data oriented structures. Examines and compares different data modeling techniques In the data modeling techniques we have traditional modeling and object oriented modeling of data
E-R modeling
It is a conceptual data model that views the real world as consisting of entities and relationships It is used to transform relational tables that are easy to understand that enables easy communication with the end user Peter Chen developed E-R model
Entities are represented in the squared cornered and circles as attributes Many Many relationships can be represented without associative entity Relationship itself has attributes and are considered as objects It failed to represent unique identifier
Developed by Clive Finkelstein Entities are represented in the squared cornered and attributes are not shown at all they are shown in a separate list called entity list Relationships like mandatory 1 and many can be represented Unique identifiers are not represented
Barkers Notation
Adopted by Oracle corporation for its CASE method Entities can be represented by round cornered rectangle Same entity can be represented for role an interaction or another kind of association Relationship names are prepositions and not verbs Unique identifiers can be represented by hash marks next to the attribute
IDEFIX Notation
It is a modeling technique that is used by many branches of the United States Federal government A relationship name is a verb IDEFIX shows subtypes as separate entity boxes IDEFIX permits multiple inheritance and multiple type hierarchies
IDEFIX diagram
UML
UML is an object modeling technique It models object classes instead of entities In the object oriented world the relationships are called as associations Cardinality and optionality in UML is conveyed by characters or numbers Express in the form of more complex upper and lower limits UML introduces a small flag that includes text describing any business rules
UML diagram
XML Notation
Describing data and interchanging structured and unstructured data on the Internet It is a universal language of data on web XML tags are used to create data structures XML documents have been widely used for interchanging data between heterogeneous systems.
XML notation
An example of XML notation http://www.essentialstrategies.com/publica tions/modeling/xml.htm
X-Entity model
Conceptual model of XML uses X entity model in order to represent additional features The entity can be denoted by E ({A1,.An},{R1,Rm},{D1,.Dk}) Each attribute A is associated with a domain Dom(Ai) Which specifies its value set Cardinality is denoted by Card(Ai)=(min,max)
XUML
XUML comprises the characteristics of XML and UML2. It is used to express the containment semantics more explicitly Supporting the concept of Business Components Specifying the data dependencies in multiple context
XUML diagram
UML and XUML model of a book store
1.
squared cornered and circles as attributes Nouns. So the relationships can be represent as objects and has attributes Failed to represent the constraints directly exclusive or)
2.
Relationship
Associations
3.
Cannot represent
4.
Cardinality
Many to Many relationships can be represented between the entities without the associative entity
Can represent
up to one relationships
5.
Sub types can be represented as separate entity boxes separate from its super type. Represented in the form of
sub-types can be represented inside their super-type box Represented in the form of hash next to
Can represent
6.
Unique Identifier
Cannot represent
Cannot represent
Can represent
7.
Aggregation
Cannot represent
Cannot represent
Cannot represent
Cannot represent
8.
Cannot Represent
Cannot Represent
Cannot Represent
Cannot Represent
Can Represent
High
Medium
Low
High
High
Low
medium
medium
medium
medium
11.
medium
medium
low
medium
High
Advantages of XUML
XUML can express the containment semantics more accurately. Support the concept of Business Component. Can specify the data dependencies in multiple context.
Contd..
XUML is more expressive, precise and understandable. More rigorous and accurate.
Conclusion
By comparing the aesthetic simplicity, completeness, language notation (relationship) Mr. Barker's notation is favorable for requirement analysis model XML is used in recent trends it follows a standard format for representing structured and semi structured data on web X-Entity model has the advantages of both XML schemas and extends the ER model so that it can explicitly represent important features of XML schemas The distinctive features of XUML made this technique of data modeling the latest trend for conceptual modeling of data.
References
1. Conceptual Modeling of XML schemas, Bernadette Farias Losio,Ana Carolina Salgado , Year: 2003,Publisher: ACM 2. XML conceptual modeling with XUML, HongXing Liu HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, P. R. China, YanSheng Lu HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, P. R. China,Qing Yang Wuhan Uni Pages: 973 976, Year of Publication: 2006, Publisher: ACM Press 3. PETER PIN-SHAN CHEN, The Entity Relationship ModelToward a Unified View of Data , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ACM Transactions on Data base System Volume1, Issue 1,Publisher-ACM 4. Data modeling in the understanding database course: adding UML and XML modeling to the traditional content. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, Volume 17, Issue 5 (April 2002)
References
5. Data Modeling101.
http://www.agiledata.org/essays/dataModeling101.html 6.A comparison of Data Modeling ,David C Hay,Essential Strategies Inc,October 1999.