DEVELOPMENT OF DOUBLE CLOTH WITH DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL FINISHES FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS

N.MOHAMMED SHAHID P.TAMILSELVAN G.NITHYANANDAM K.R.MOHANKUMAR (090604101013) (090604101024) (100904101021) (100904101019)

Mr. M.Janarthanan.,M.Tech., Assistant Professor

INTRODUCTION

The technology for incorporating microcapsules into textile structure to improve their thermal performance and durability of the finishes. Thermal energy storage (TES) is the temporary storage of high or low temperatures energy . Textile materials absorb energy during the heating process as phase change will take place, otherwise this energy can be transferred to the environment in the phase change range during a reverse cooling process.

Mold, mildew, fungus, yeast, and bacteria (microorganisms) are part of our everyday lives.

Antimicrobial finish properties can be improved as well as increasing the comfort and hygiene factor making them more pleasant to wear.
Odour can be neutralized and skin problems caused by microbial growth reduced thus emphasizing the hygiene nature of the treated product.

Objective:

To prepare the fabric (double cloth) using cotton and acrylic yarn (40s and 133 denier).
To coat the selected sodium acetate anhydrous phase changing chemical into micro encapsules using spray dry technique for face side of the fabric(acrylic).

To prepare the algal extract using soxhlet apparatus method.

To coat the algal plants extracts in the form of micro encapsules using spray dry technique for back side of the fabric (cotton).

Cond

To test the fabric characteristics of the double cloth. To find the suitable area of application for the coated fabric.

METHODOLOGY
SOURCING OF YARN (COTTON 40S & ACRYLIC 133 denier) DEVELOPMENT OF CENTER STITCHED DOUBLE CLOTH FABRIC.

ANALYSE THE FABRIC BEFORE TREATING WITH THE ALGAE & PCM.
TREATING THE FABRIC WITH PCM AND ALGAE BY USING MICRO ENCAPSULATION METHOD. ANALYSE THE THERMAL RESISTANT PROPERTIES OF PCM TREATED FABRIC ANALYSE THE ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF SEA WEED EXTRACTED DOUBLE CLOTH FABRIC RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

SOURCING OF YARN (COTTON 40s & ACRYLIC-133 denier)

PARAMETER Actual count & denier Csp COTTON 40.1(count) 2400 ACRYLIC 133(denier) 2600

Tpi
Tmf Test imperfection Count Cv% Strength cv%

5
4.3 812 1.5 5.0

5
4.5 823 1.5 5.0

DEVELOPMENT OF CENTER STITCHED DOUBLE CLOTH FABRIC

Parameter Ends per inch Picks per inch cotton 36 25 acrylic 36 25

GSM
Type of weave Count and denier Plain 40 (count)

250
Plain 133(denier)

ANALYSE THE FABRIC BEFORE TREATING WITH THE ALGAE & PCM

The fabric was analysed for various properties like stiffness ,bending rigidity, wickability , air permeability , rubbing fastness , washing fastness testing was carried out.

TREATING THE FABRIC WITH PCM AND ALGAE BY USING MICRO ENCAPSULATION METHOD
SEAWEEDS(ALGAE):
ULVA LACTUCA ULVA RETICULATA

PADINA TETRASTOMATICA

Extraction of algae samples:

For extraction, equal proportion of given algae samples were taken and mixed into 80% Methanol. The container was closed and kept for over night. After over night incubation, the extract was filtered through filter paper and evaporated to concentrate the extract. And the extract was collected for further processing.

Microencapsulation Of Algal Extract

Microcapsules containing algal extract were prepared employing sodium alginate. 3% sodium alginate was prepared. Equal proposition of sodium alginate and algal extract was prepared. This was sprayed into calcium chloride solution by means of a sprayer. The droplets were retained in calcium chloride for 15 minutes. The microcapsules were obtained by decantation and repeated washing with iso propyl alcohol followed by drying at 45 C for 12 hours.

Microscopic observation of Microcapsules (algae)

PCM CHEMICAL
SODIUM ACETATE : Sodium acetate is also one of the important groups of PCMs, which have been extensively studied for their use in latent heat thermal energy storage systems. The most attractive properties of sodium acetate are: (i) high latent heat of fusion per unit volume. (ii) relatively high thermal conductivity (almost double of the paraffins). (iii) They are not very corrosive, compatible with fabrics and only slightly toxic.

Encapsulation of PCM by Ionic gelation process:

Microcapsules containing PCM were prepared employing sodium alginate. 750ml of PCM and 50 ml of Tween 20 were added to the polymer solution and mixed thoroughly to form smooth viscous dispersion. This was sprayed into calcium chloride solution by means of a sprayer. The droplets were retained in calcium chloride for 15 minutes. The microcapsules were obtained by decantation and repeated washing with iso propyl alcohol followed by drying at 45C for 12 hours.

Cond

The microcapsules were finished on the fabric with an M: L ratio of 1:20 for 30 mins.

Microscopic view of encapsulated PCM under light microscope (400 X)

Finishing
The extract was finished on the given fabric by exhaustion method using 8% citric acid as binder at 50C for 30 minutes. .

Test done on the coated fabric

Air permeability Wickability test Rubbing fastness

Bending modulus and stiffness rigidity

Washing fastness

Confirmative Test done on the coated fabric

Differential scanning calorimetry. Effect on thermal conductivity. Anti-microbial properties.

Result and Discussions

Air permeability test
Grey fabric cc/sec/cm 23.75 Finished fabric cc/sec/cm 21.04

Wickability test
Wickability test
5 mins Time range in mins Warp cm Weft cm Warp cm Weft cm Warp cm Weft cm Warp cm Weft cm 10 mins 15 mins 20 mins

Before treated

6.5

6.3

7.5

7.2

8.7

11

10.5

After treated

6.3

5.6

7.2

8.7

9.8

12

3.5

Warp way sample

Weft way sample

Rubbing fastness test

Fabric state Dry grade fabric Wet grade fabric

Grade value
1 Excellent

2
Grey fabric 1 Finished fabric 2 3

Good Fair Poor Very poor

3
3

4 5

BENDING MODULUS AND STIFFNESS RIGIDITY

Bending and flexural rigidity Over all flexural rigidity 321 350 Grey fabric Coated fabric

Washing fastness
Fabric state Grey fabric Dry fabric grade 3-4

0Finished fabric

3-4

Grade value
RATING QUALITATIVE DECERPITION
5 4-5 4 EXCELLENT VERY GOOD TO EXCELLENT VERY GOOD

3-4
3 2-3 2 1-2 1

GOOD TO VERY GOOD

GOOD FAIR TO GOOD FAIR POOR TO FAIR POOR

Anti-microbial Test
Fabric test Staphylococcus aureus in mm E.Coil in mm

Coated fabric
Standard norms

6 mm
Nill

8 mm
14mm

Effect on thermal conductivity

SAMPLE NO UNTREATED TREATED WOVEN FABRIC 0.0928 0.1631

Differential scanning calorimetry

Peak 1 Onset (0C) Peak (0C) End Pt. H (j/g) (0C)

188.56 200.88

235.25

95.88

CONCLUSION

The Differential scanning calorimetric test provided the samples possess the melting point of 200.88 0c and latent heat of 95.46 j/g which allows the fabric to be used in the thermo regulating clothing.
The antibacterial activity on double cloth fabric shows good resistance to the micro organisms such as E.coli and Staphylococuus aureus .The zone of inhibition for E.coli is 8 mm and for the staphylococcus aureus is 6mm which allows the fabric is resistant to bacterias.

There is the significant increase in the wickability of the treated fabric and also the water vapour permeability. Hence the treated fabric, when used for clothing allows the sweat to pass through and keeps the wearer comfortable.

Cond

The air permeability values are decreased comparatively with untreated fabrics but as the decrease is not significant, the flow of air into the fabric will not be a problem. The physical properties like the tensile strength and fabric stiffness of the finished sample is not affected and hence the finish can be very well applied for the clothing purpose.

The PCM and antibacterial treated fabrics can be used for the defense clothing. The PCM chemicals and the algae extract used are also eco-friendly which is always welcoming in all the fields and also to avoid environmental problems.

Reference

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