Or why you are now hooked on Airheads and Hot Chips! LOL!

Learning: The act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skill. Knowledge or skill gained through schooling or study. But for Psychology it is Behavioral modification especially through experience or conditioning.

Conditioning: A process of behavior modification by which a subject comes to associate a desired behavior with a previously unrelated stimulus. So what does that REALLY mean A stimulus is used to change a behavior (or more specifically to make a new behavior that was not linked before)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XlNbmwK6U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1QkLIjt QjA

Answer: EVERYTHING! On a separate sheet of paper write down five things you remember from the McDonalds Commercial Write down five things you remember from the Pepsi Commercial.

The elements in the commercials are DESIGNED to attach a product with a stimulus to get you to be connected and buy it (in regards to commercials) Lets go deeper.

This is what our basic definition of CONDITIONING . STIMULIUS and RESPONSE are what we are looking for!

STIMULIUS: 1. Something causing or regarded as causing a response (that incites or rouses to action; an incentive) 2. An agent, action, or condition that elicits or accelerates a physiological or psychological activity or response.

STIMULIUS: 1. Something causing or regarded as causing a response (that incites or rouses to action; an incentive) 2. An agent, action, or condition that elicits or accelerates a physiological or psychological activity or response.

There are NEUTRAL and CONTIOIONED STIMULIUS.

Example: A song can be a good song but what things get TIED to it to make it seem better? COMMERCIALS MOVIE SOUNDTRACK VIDEOS POP CULTURE EVENTS (i.e. your emotional connection to it) Has a song ever triggered or signaled and emotional response from you?

Classical conditioning is an example of the Behaviorist Theory BEHAVIORISM: is the attempt to understand behavior in terms of relationships between observable stimuli and observable responses.

Or in other terms How can I get you to do what I want you to do!

REMEMBER: You are connecting a stimulus to a desired response that was NOT previously there. Think school bells and you wanting to leave class (LOL!) The Environment elicits response from the learner Without reinforcement the learned behavior may become extinct.

Definition: Learning in which a certain action is reinforced or punished, resulting in corresponding increases or decreases in occurrence Translation: learning from consequences of behavior

The key to Operant Conditioning is REINFORCEMENT Reinforcement: Is the stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the likelihood that the response will be repeated. Positive and Negative Reinforcements Primary (food and water) Secondary (money, things) reinforcerers

When should reinforcements be used?

There are FIXED-INTERVAL Schedules (Every 10 pizzas you sell you get paid) There are VARIABLE-RATIO Schedules (I may give you an airhead for a correct answer at ANYTIMEor a POP QUIZ)!

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NAME TWO TYPES OF CONDITIONING DEFINE LEARNING DA, DA,DA,DA,DA____________________ (fill in the blank) Who said this was no fun LOL!

Shaping and Chaining: What it is not:

OR

The process/technique in which the desired behavior is molded by rewarding any act similar to the desired behavior and then requiring ever-closer approximations to the desired behavior before giving the reward. i.e. closer rewardeven closer rewardeven, even closer reward. (no reward for regression)

Various new responses put together that follow one another in a sequence. This is also called a response chain. Here is an interesting example of this concept.

Reinforcements: are anything that increases the frequency of and immediately preceding behavior (or a desired behavior). Assertive control: Use of unpleasant stimuli to influence behavior. Negative reinforcements: Painful or unpleasant stimuli are used then removed to increase the strength of a given response.

Punishment: an unpleasant consequence occurs and decreases the frequency of the behavior that produced it.

The process of altering behavior by observing and imitating the behavior(s) of others.

LIKE YOU HAVE NEVER SEEN THAT BEFORE!!! LOL!

Cognitive Learning: Form of learning that involves mental processes and may result from observations or imitation Cognitive Map: A mental picture of spatial relationships between events *Learned Helplessness: A condition in which repeated attempts to control a situation fails resulting in the belief that the situation is uncontrollable.

Definition: Learning by imitating others. * One of the more powerful tools or ways to learn new skills (with repeated action/practice).