LECTURE -RAILWAY SIGNALLING & TURNOUTS

TURNOUT

CROSSING (FROG)

DESIGN OF TURNOUT

Theoretical Length of tongue rail : -

L = R tan (B/2)
Where R = Radius and B = Switch angle. Switch angle:- Angle between the gauge face of the stock rail and the tongue rail at the nose of the switch (point)

TURN OUT PARTS

Length of tongue rail B.G = 4.72 m (if number of crossing is 1in 8.5) B.G = 6.40 m (if number of crossing is 1in 12) B.G = 9.76 m (if number of crossing is 1in 16) M.G = 3.96 m (if number of crossing is 1in8.5) M.G = 5.49 m (if number of crossing is 1in 12)

Number of crossing (1 in N) = Defined as ratio of spread at heel of crossing and length of crossing from Nose of crossing. As per Right angle method or Coles method :tan (angle of crossing) = 1 / N Indian Railways uses this Coles Method for Number of crossing.

Length of the stock rail is minimum 1.63m to 1.68 m longer than the length of the tongue rail, ahead of the toe. Heel clearance / divergence: Defined as summation of flange-way clearance and the width of the tongue rail head at heel.

For B.G = H.C = 13.7 cm to 13.3 cm For M.G = H.C = 12.1 to 11.7 cm For N.G = H.C = 9.8 cm

Flange-way Clearance = 6.3 to 6.6 cm depending upon crossing number.

Switch angle can also be equal to =

sin-1 (heel divergence/length of tongue rail)

Throw of the switch = 9.5 cm for B.G and 8.9 cm for M.G and N.G Tracks

 Permissible

Speed at Crossing

for 1 in 8.5, B.G, M.G, N.G = 16 km ph for 1 in 12, B.G = 24km ph, M.G = 22.5 km ph and N.G = 16km ph for 1 in 16 : - high speed turnouts @ 50 kmph Angle of crossing:for 8.5 no. crossing = 6 deg 42 min for 12 no. crossing = 4 deg 45 min for 16 no crossing = 3.57 degrees. Higher number crossings are under development for Indian Railway

IR SIGNALS

TRACK SIDE SIGNS: SPEED LIMIT

FOR HIGH SPEED TRAINS

 Termination

Indicator T

SOMETIMES T/P OR T/G

The caution indicator

 Level

Crossing indicator

Caution Order for Tunnel

SIGHTING BOARD

SEMAPHORE SIGNAL

LOWER QUADRANT FOR INDIAN RAILWAY

SHUNTING SIGNALS

THREE ASPECT SIGNAL