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Introduction
Measuring tools for small engines are divided into three categories.
Direct reading Measurement transferring Reject gages
Micrometers
Micrometer Introduction
A micrometer is a mechanical device designed to measure distances as small as 1/10,000 of an inch (0.0001 in). Micrometers are only one (1) inch long. The micrometer is used with different types and sizes of frames to provide precise measurements of many different objects. Small engines uses three (3) types of micrometers:
1. Micrometer caliper 2. Inside micrometer 3. Depth gauge micrometer Micrometer calipers are available in mechanical and digital models.
Micrometer Caliper
A micrometer caliper uses a frame that allows the micrometer to measure the thickness of objects. For small engine use, different frame sizes are used to provide a wider measurement range.
One inch Two inch Etc.
1 1 1 4 = x 10 10 4 1 0.025 40
Each short line = 0.25 inches (25 thousands of an inch).
1. 2. 3. 4.
Smallest whole unit Tenths of an inch Twenty five thousands ( 0.025 x 2 ) Thousands Sum (measurement)
Micrometer Caliper-digital
Most measuring tools are available with a digital readout. Advantages
Easier to read. Can be interfaced with data collection devices for automatic recording. Easy to convert between English and metric units.
Disadvantages
Requires battery More expensive
Inside Micrometer
Inside micrometers have been replaced by dial calipers and other tools for small gas engines. The principles for reading are the same. The primary difference is determining the smallest whole unit. The physical size of the micrometer limits the smallest whole unit to 1 or 1-1/2 inch. Extensions are added to set the minimum size to the desired range.
Smallest whole unit Tenths Twenty Five Thousands Thimble Sum (reading)
Note: when the zero on the thimble is close to the reference line and a 25 thousands line is close to the edge of the thimble, it may be difficult to determine if the last line that should be counted. If the thimble zero is above the reference line the line is not counted. If it is below it should be counted.
Thimble
Spindle
Calipers
Introduction
Calipers can be direct reading or measuring transferring tools. Direct reading calipers are capable of a wider measurement range than micrometer calipers.
Six (6), eighteen (18) and twenty four (24) inch are popular.
Vernier Caliper
Vernier calipers are an old tool that has been mostly replaced by dial and digital calipers. They are manufactured with decimal scales, metric scales and fractional scales. The Vernier scale is still used on many mechanical measuring tools.
Vernier Scale
A Vernier is a mechanical means of magnifying the last segment on the main scale so addition subdivisions can be made.
The reference point is the 0 on the vernier scale. To read a Vernier, the line of coincidence must be located. The line of coincidence (LOC) is the line on the Vernier that coincides with a line on the main scale.
Illustration LOC = 19
In theory only one LOC is possible, but usually when reading the vernier it appears several exist. When this occurs pick the middle line.
Vernier Caliper-practice
Read the Vernier caliper in the illustration.
LOC
Smallest whole unit Tenths of an inch Twenty five thousands Vernier scale Sum (measurement)
Dial Caliper
A dial replaces the Vernier. This makes the caliper easier to read. The reader must still determine the units and graduations.
Introduction
Measurement transferring tools are tools that collect a measurement, but do not have a scale to read the measurement. Common tools are:
Spring calipers Dividers Telescoping gauges Ball gauges
Spring Calipers
Spring calipers are used to transfer measurements. Three types of spring calipers
Outside Inside Hermaphrodite
Dividers
Dividers are very useful for laying out several equal distances or transferring a distance measurement when other measuring devices cannot be used.
Telescoping gages
Telescoping gages are used to measure inside diameters. One or both ends are spring loaded so they can be retracted and inserted into the hole being measured. The measurement is made with a caliper or micrometer.
Ball Gauges
Ball gauges are use to transfer measurements that are too small for telescoping gauges. The ball is split and a tapered wedge is used to increase and decrease the diameter of the ball halves.
The End