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Watchathink??
Dont you know that mans weight is made up of 70% water? Now you know! =D
PROPERTIES OF WATER
Pure water is colorless, transparent, odorless, tasteless compound of oxygen & hydrogen Water can be applied in any of its three states
Steam Liquid Solid
2 molecules of hydrogen attached to one molecule of oxygen (H2O) Poor conductor of electricity pH of water: 7.0 Minerals in water
Ca, Mg, Na & K SO4, Chloride, Nitrate, Silica Fe, Mg, Carbonate, Hydroxide, Hydrogen ion concentration, Flouride, Boron CO2 or Hydrogen Sulfide
Bluish arrange in thick layers Greenish calcium carbonate Yellowish or Brownish organic matter from dead or decaying vegetation
Viscosity at 20 0C
Surface Tension at 19 0C Critical Temperature Critical Pressure
10.09 millipoises
73.66 dynes/cm 374.1 0C 217.7 atm
Vapor Pressure at 20 0C
17.535
A. Yes B. No
WATER TEMPERATURE
0F 0C
Very Cold
34 - 55
1 13
Cold Cool
Tepid Neutral Warm Hot Very Hot
55 65 65 80
80 92 92 96 96 98 98 104 104 - 115
13 18 18 27
27 - 33.5 33.5 35.5 35.5 36.5 36.5 40 40 - 60
A. 0C = 5/9 32 B. 0C = 9/5 + 32
Buoyancy upward force (support, assist & resist motion) Cohesion attractive force (resist) Viscosity internal friction (resist) Hydrostatic Pressure ratio of magnitude of force per surface area Surface Tension increase attractive forces in the surface of water
Hydrostatic pressure = depth x density
Cohesion = Viscosity Archimedes
Introduction to Hydrotherapy
The transition from mysticism & cult to a rational use of water for physical treatment apparently took place in the 5th century Hippocrates cold water warms & warm water cools Aeslepius god of healing
Charles Lowman
1st to employ underwater exercises to spastic patients Treatment pool at the Orthopedic Hospital in Los Angeles in 1924 pool therapy became popular in U.S.
Pool Therapy
General Principles of Pool Design
Children: shallow Adult: enough to accommodate adult patient in standing position Water @ shoulder or chin level Hand rail Ramp & Steps Stainless steel or table Temperature of water: 97 to 99 0F
Showers & dressing rooms should be adjacent to the pool for use before & after treatment
The ability of the patient to be upright & ambulating with most of the weight eliminated
Several patients may be treated at the same time
Patients or therapists with infections are not allowed into the pool Marked debility & fatigue will prevent the use of pool Acute poliomyelitis cannot be placed in the pool Patients with PVD & sensory disturbances will only tolerate lower temperatures Check that the patient is not chilled before & after treatments Remove jewelry & don swimsuits The patient must not be incontinent of bowel or bladder Patient with colostomies & ileostomies should generally not be allowed to use the pool
Temperature:
92 97 0F and not higher
Exercises in Water
Can increase muscle strength & endurance Mobilize joints & muscles Improve coordination Can afford recreation Specific gravity of limb: 1
Depending upon the fat (low) to bone (high) ratio Inflated rubber balloon
Assisted movements
Hold body part below the buoyant level & then release The muscle concerned must be palpated to be sure that it is voluntary contracting
Supported movements
Moved parallel to the surface of the water
Resisted movements
Pulling the limb vertically downward
Buoyancy supported
Buoyancy resisted
Pool therapy may introduce some patients to a new experience & they may anticipate it with expressed silent anxiety. It is important that from the first meeting , the therapist should endeavor to gain the patients confidence. If this is achieved, the patients quickly come to look forward to their treatment with great enjoyment.
END.