Water is essential to life & also a source of pleasure.

Watchathink??
Dont you know that mans weight is made up of 70% water? Now you know! =D

Q1: true of water. EXCEPT

A. colorless B. transparent C. odorless D. tasteless E. none

PROPERTIES OF WATER
Pure water is colorless, transparent, odorless, tasteless compound of oxygen & hydrogen Water can be applied in any of its three states
Steam Liquid Solid

Chemical Properties of Water

2 molecules of hydrogen attached to one molecule of oxygen (H2O) Poor conductor of electricity pH of water: 7.0 Minerals in water
Ca, Mg, Na & K SO4, Chloride, Nitrate, Silica Fe, Mg, Carbonate, Hydroxide, Hydrogen ion concentration, Flouride, Boron CO2 or Hydrogen Sulfide

Physical Properties of Water

Bluish arrange in thick layers Greenish calcium carbonate Yellowish or Brownish organic matter from dead or decaying vegetation

Cont. Physical Properties of Water

PROPERTY Freezing point Boiling point
Latent Heat of evaporation, large calories/ cc

WATER 0 0C 100 0C 0.6 1 Cal. 15 0 4 0C 0.999868 1 1

Specific Heat at 15 0C Temperature of maximum density Density Density @ 4 0C Specific Gravity

Viscosity at 20 0C
Surface Tension at 19 0C Critical Temperature Critical Pressure

10.09 millipoises
73.66 dynes/cm 374.1 0C 217.7 atm

Vapor Pressure at 20 0C

17.535

Q2: will fats sink in water?

A. Yes B. No

Cont. Physical Properties of Water

Water has high specific heat

Prevents sudden changes in body temperature

Superior thermal conductivity

Heat moves readily from warmer to cooler water & to objects surrounding it

Thermal Properties of Water

WATER TEMPERATURE
0F 0C

Very Cold

34 - 55

1 13

Cold Cool
Tepid Neutral Warm Hot Very Hot

55 65 65 80
80 92 92 96 96 98 98 104 104 - 115

13 18 18 27
27 - 33.5 33.5 35.5 35.5 36.5 36.5 40 40 - 60

Q3: what is the formula used to convert 0F to 0C?

A. 0C = 5/9 32 B. 0C = 9/5 + 32

Mechanical Properties of Water

FORCES EXISTING IN WATER

Buoyancy upward force (support, assist & resist motion) Cohesion attractive force (resist) Viscosity internal friction (resist) Hydrostatic Pressure ratio of magnitude of force per surface area Surface Tension increase attractive forces in the surface of water
Hydrostatic pressure = depth x density
Cohesion = Viscosity Archimedes

Q4: what is the most important force of water for therapist?

A. Buoyancy B. Cohesion & Viscosity C. Hydrostatic Pressure D. Surface Tension

Introduction to Hydrotherapy

The transition from mysticism & cult to a rational use of water for physical treatment apparently took place in the 5th century Hippocrates cold water warms & warm water cools Aeslepius god of healing

Cont. Introduction to Hydrotherapy

Was popular in Japan & Europe Bernard Baruch 1929

Introduced in United States

Charles Lowman
1st to employ underwater exercises to spastic patients Treatment pool at the Orthopedic Hospital in Los Angeles in 1924 pool therapy became popular in U.S.

Polio patient at Warm Springs, Georgia

Georgia Warm Spring Foundation (Franklin Delano Roosevelt) National Infantile Paralysis Foundation

Pool Therapy
General Principles of Pool Design
Children: shallow Adult: enough to accommodate adult patient in standing position Water @ shoulder or chin level Hand rail Ramp & Steps Stainless steel or table Temperature of water: 97 to 99 0F

 Cont. General Principles of Pool Design

Mosaic fireclay tiles
most satisfactory

Cont. Pool Therapy

Continuous filtration & chlorination

Showers & dressing rooms should be adjacent to the pool for use before & after treatment

Cont. Pool Therapy

Method of Heating:
Conduction & convection Superficial form of heat

Use: General Body Heating (moist heat) and Underwater Exercises

Cont. Pool Therapy

Advantages of Therapeutic Pool:
The ability to take more advantage of the effect of buoyancy, in floating & in exercise

The ability of the patient to be upright & ambulating with most of the weight eliminated
Several patients may be treated at the same time

Cont. Pool Therapy

Disadvantages:
The therapist gets completely occupied and is not available to other activities outside the pool Temperature is not easy to control Medications can not be added Cannot be used for debridement

 Contraindications & Precautions:

Cont. Pool Therapy

Patients or therapists with infections are not allowed into the pool Marked debility & fatigue will prevent the use of pool Acute poliomyelitis cannot be placed in the pool Patients with PVD & sensory disturbances will only tolerate lower temperatures Check that the patient is not chilled before & after treatments Remove jewelry & don swimsuits The patient must not be incontinent of bowel or bladder Patient with colostomies & ileostomies should generally not be allowed to use the pool

Cont. Pool Therapy

Cont. Contraindications & Precautions:
If a therapist doesnt know how to swim, he should never treat a patient by himself The therapist should not treat a completely disabled patient at a time. Three or four partially disabled patients can be treated at a time by one therapist depending on the degree of disability Each therapist should not spend more than one & a half hours per half day in the pool Never go into the pool if you are tired

Q5: how long does a pool therapy is performed?

A. 1 hour B. 2 hours C. 3 hours D. 4 hours

Cont. Pool Therapy

Duration:
The therapist should avoid staying in the pool for more than 2 to 3 hours at a time The usual duration of treatment is usually one (1) hour

Temperature:
92 97 0F and not higher

Exercises in Water
Can increase muscle strength & endurance Mobilize joints & muscles Improve coordination Can afford recreation Specific gravity of limb: 1
Depending upon the fat (low) to bone (high) ratio Inflated rubber balloon

Cont. Exercises in Water

Assisted movements
Hold body part below the buoyant level & then release The muscle concerned must be palpated to be sure that it is voluntary contracting

Supported movements
Moved parallel to the surface of the water

Resisted movements
Pulling the limb vertically downward

 Progression of water exercises Buoyancy assisted

Cont. Exercises in Water

Long lever short lever Fixed position semi-fixed position Slow-faster Short lever long lever add flippers or fins Fixed position semi-fixed position Slow-faster

Buoyancy supported

Buoyancy resisted

Short lever long lever Fixed position semi-fixed position Slow-faster

Add small floats larger floats

Lifting up through the surface

Lift more quickly than the water upthrust


Pool therapy may introduce some patients to a new experience & they may anticipate it with expressed silent anxiety. It is important that from the first meeting , the therapist should endeavor to gain the patients confidence. If this is achieved, the patients quickly come to look forward to their treatment with great enjoyment.

 END.