Concrete

Technology

Special Construction Methods

Harza Engineering Company

Special
construction
methods and
materials
■Tunnel lining
■ Horizontal slipform paving
■ Canal lining
■ Vertical slipform construction
■ Roller-compacted concrete
■ Controlled Low Strength Material
(CLSM)
■ Pervious concrete
 Concrete tunnel
lining
■ Types
 Circular tunnels
 Horseshoe Shaped
■ Lining types
 Full-circle (Smaller diameters)
 Multiple placements (Large diameter)
 Invert
 Sidewalls

 Crown
Placement
methods
■ Invert and sidewalls
 Conveyors
 Pumping
 Invert slipform
■ Arch or crown section
 Pumping
Types of
placement

■ Bulkhead sections dependent on

length of form
■ Continuous placement
 Telescoping forms
Important items
■ Rock cleanup and control of water
■ Cleaning of construction joints
■ Equipment capable of placing the
required concrete mixture
■ Segregation during handling and
placement
■ Proper consolidation (limited
access) - form and immersion
vibrators
■ Filling upper most reaches of the
crown
Horizontal slipform
paving
■ Paving machines
 Slabs
 Curbs
 Barriers
■ All horizontal paving requires low
slump concrete and good vibration
■ Consistent concrete is essential
Slope paving

■ Canal lining machine

■ Slipform screed
 Alternating panels
Vertical slipform
construction
■ Jacking system on vertical rods
■ Suitable for silos and shafts
Pervious
concrete
Controlled Low
Strength Material
(CLSM)
■ CLSM is a self-compacted,
cementitious material used
primarily as a backfill in lieu of
compacted fill. (ACI 229R)
■ Most current CLSM applications
require unconfined compressive
strengths of 300 psi or less. This
strength requirement is necessary
to allow for future excavation of
CLSM.
Applications
■ Backfill
■ Structural fills
■ Insulating fills
■ Pavement bases
■ Conduit bedding
■ Erosion control
■ Void filling
Materials
■ Cement
■ Fly ash
 Class C
 Class F
■ Fine aggregate
 ASTM C 33
 Silty sand (up to 20% minus #200)
■ Coarse aggregate (occasionally)
■ Air-entraining admixture
Mixture
proportions
■ Slump range - 6 to 8 inches
■ Cement content - 50 to 200 pcy
■ Fly ash content - none to 2000 pcy
■ Water contents - typically 325 to
580 pcy
■ Air content as high as 20%
■ Balance of mixture is aggregate