CHAPTER VI

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND MANAGEMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

refers to organized efforts to teach about how natural environments function and particularly , how human beings can manage their behavior and ecosystems in order to live sustainably. Is a learning process that increases peoples knowledge and awareness about the environment and associated challenges , develops the necessary skills and expertise to address the challenges and fosters attitudes , motivations and commitments to make informed decisions and take responsible action (UNESCO , Tbilisi Declaration , 1978)
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ENVIRONMENT
All the biotic and abiotic factors that act on an organism Population , or ecological community and influence its survival and development. Biotic factors include the organisms themselves , their food and their interactions. Abiotic factors include such items as sunlight , soil , water , climate , and pollution. Organisms respond to changes in their environment by evolutionary adaptations in form and behavior.

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POLLUTION
Is a contamination by a chemical or other pollutant that renders part of the environment unfit for intended or desired use. It is triggered by industrial and commercial waste , agriculture practices , day to day human activities and most notably , modes of transportation and many other sources.

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AIR POLLUTION
Is the introduction of chemicals
, particulate matter , or biological Materials that cause harm or disComfort to humans or other living Organisms , or cause damage to The natural environment or built Environment , into the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a complex Dynamic natural gaseous system That is essential to support life on Planet earth.
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Water pollution
Is the contamination Of water bodies such As rivers ,lakes , and Groundwater caused by Human activities , which can Be harmful to organisms And plants which live in These water bodies.

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Noise pollution

Is the excessive noise that may disrupt the activity or balance of Human or animal life. The main Causes of noise pollution are Machines ,transportation systems , Motor vehicles , aircrafts , and trains

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Land Pollution
Is

a bad thing to the earth.it will make the land dirty.

the environment is everything around you including the air , water land , plants and man made things. Things. And since by now you probably know that you need a healthy environment for your own and happiness ,you can understand why effective management is so important.

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How can you help?

You can help by learning about and practicing the three Rs of waste management ; reduce , reuse , recycle! Practicing all three of these activities every day is not only important for a healthy environment , but it can also be fun too. So lets take a minute right now to learn more about waste management , so you can become a key player in making our world a safe and healthy place.

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Kinds of composting

ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION

-anaerobic

organisms work without oxygen , so most anaerobic takes place underground in pits or trenches. Basically , you dig a hole , fill it with organic matter , and seal it with a layer of soil. Anaerobic decomposers get right to work , with no need for fresh Air.

AEROBIC COMPOSTING
-

Is the principle at work in aboveground composting environments- whether it takes place in a freestanding pile or in a container that provides air circulation , such as a bin with open sides or a tumbler with aeration holes.

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 VERMICOMPOSTING `
uses earth worms to turn organic wastes into very high quality compost. This is probably the best way of composting kitchen wastes. Adding small amounts of wet kitchen scraps to a large compost pile in the garden day by day can disrupt the decomposition process so that compost is never really done. But it work just fine with vermicomposting.

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 SANITARY

LANDFILLS

sights where waste is isolated from the environment until it is safe. It is considered safe when it has completely degraded biologically, chemically, and physically. Sanitary landfills use technology to contain the wastes and prevent the teaching out of potentially hazardous substances.

 Trench

Method

its based and sides being properly lined. Waste is then spread and compacted in an excavation. The cover material used comes from the excavated soil. This is best suited for flat or gently sloping land where the round water table is deep below the surface.

 Area

Method

waste is spread and compacted on the natural surface of the ground and cover material is spread and compacted over it. There are method is beat suited for flat or gently sloping landsite where no natural slope exist. It can be adapted to ravines, valleys, quarries abandoned strip mines or other land depression.

Hazardous Waste

Certain household products may pose a risk to human health or the environment if not disposed of correctly. Find out if your council offers a service to help you get rid of hazardous waste like chemical and batteries.

KINDS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE Ignitability ignitable waste can create fires under certain conditions, are spontaneously combustible, or have a flash point less than. Corrosivity corrosive waste are acids or bases that are capable of corroding metal containers, such as storage tanks drums, and barrels. Reactivity reactive waste are unstable under normal conditions. They can cause explosion, toxic fumes, gases, or vapors when heated, compressed, or mixed with water.

Classification of solid waste

Solid wastes are wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and discarded as useless or unwanted. They are classified according to point of origin and nature of materials.

Solid waste

includes things we commonly describe as garbage, refuse and trash. In the domestic environment solid wastes paper, plastics, food wastes ash etc. In industries, paper, packaging, timber and plastic containers make up the bulk of solid wastes in addition to liquid-solid sludge from waste water plants.

Classification of solid waste according point of origin

Domestic

Commercial
Industrial Street Institutional Demolition Agriculture

or construction

Solid Waste according to Nature of Material

Organic

Inorganic
Combustible Non-combustible

Integrated solid waste management

It is the selection of combination of techniques ,technologies and management programs to achieve waste management objectives. A.) source reduction and Waste elimination means reducing the amount that is generated as the following sources : 1.) production units for food and household products 2.)production units for commercial products 3.)shopping outlets/ household 4.)offices , commercial properties and institutions.

B.) Recycling and reuse- reduction at source will

proportionately reduce the amount of waste that must be managed and will indirectly conserve our vital natural resources. This can be achieved by segregation of wastes into :
1.)COMPOSTABLE/ BIODEGRADABLE-any material that can be broken down naturally by occurring organism such as bacteria , fungi in air , water , and soil. 2.)RECYCLABLE NON-BIODEGRADABLE- any material that cant be degraded or decomposed by naturally occurring organisms such as bacteria in air, water , and soil. 3.)NONRECYCLABLE RESIDUAL WASTE- sanitary napkins , disposable diapers , worn out clothes , PVC , ceramics , etc. 4.)SPECIALWASTE- requires special handling , trained people, and special disposal methods. A waste may be a special waste because of its quantity , concentration , or physical , chemical , or biological characteristics. 5.)HAZARDOUS WASTE- waste containing the chemical , biological , radioactive elements which are harmful to human health.

C.) Waste Transformation

COMPOSTING-is a process where microorganisms in an oxygen environment decompose biodegradable organic materials such as food waste , fruit peelings , plant debris and other cellulosic material. This can be done through aerobic or anaerobic methods. COMPOST is a humus like material that results from the aerobic biological stabilization of the organic materials in solid waste.

THANK YOU :D
PRESENTED BY: GROUP III -NOAH SCHEIN URSUA -DESSA RETIRO -BRYLE GUBAC